Frequency of Systemic Microvascular Dysfunction in Syndrome X and in Variant Angina

Objective The vessels involved in the microcirculation are too small to be visualized by conventional angiography and no tools are currently available that can directly evaluate the coronary microcirculation. This study evaluated the coronary clearance frame count (CCFC) in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Methods The retrospective study enrolled patients with angina, who had a positive nuclear imaging test and normal coronary angiography; and a control group consisting of patients who underwent an angiogram to exclude coronary artery disease. Thrombosis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) and CCFC for each coronary artery (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD], circumflex coronary artery [CFX] and right coronary artery [RCA]) were calculated offline. Results A total of 71 patients with CSX and 61 control patients were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the baseline demographic and clinical variables. The TFC of LAD, CFX and RCA were similar between the two groups. The mean CCFC-LAD, CCFC-CFX and CCFC-RCA were significantly longer in the CSX group compared with the control group. Conclusion CCFC is a simple, quantitative and highly reproducible method that might be used as a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽

10.53065/kaznmu.2021.91.74.014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 84-92

Author(s):

М.О. Мустафина ◽

А. Телжанов ◽

З.Н. Лигай

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Plaque Rupture ◽

Young Patients ◽

Microvascular Dysfunction ◽

Artery Dissection ◽

Variant Angina ◽

Coronary Artery Dissection ◽

Plaque Erosion

Мы провели поиск в PubMed статей, опубликованных с 1980 по 2020, используя термины «острый инфаркт миокарда», «молодой», «разрыв бляшки», эрозия бляшки, спонтанное расслоение коронарной артерии (SCAD), коронарный вазоспазм», «вариантная стенокардия или стенокардия Принцметала», «лекарственный инфаркт миокарда», «миокардит», «коронарная эмболия», «микрососудистая дисфункция», «MINOCA», а также обзор всех опубликованных исследований. Используя данные этого поиска, мы стремимся проинформировать читателей о распространенности, факторах риска, проявлениях и лечении острого инфаркта миокарда у молодых пациентов, а также подробно рассказать о специальных подгруппах с диагностическими и терапевтическими проблемами. We searched PubMed for articles published from 1980 to 2020 using the terms acute myocardial infarction, young, plaque rupture, plaque erosion, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), coronary vasospasm, variant angina or angina pectoris. Prinzmetal, drug myocardial infarction, myocarditis, coronary embolism, microvascular dysfunction, MINOCA, and a review of all published studies. Using the data from this search, we aim to inform readers about the prevalence, risk factors, manifestations and treatment of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, as well as detail the special subgroups with diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

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Coronary artery disease: Chronic stable angina

Drugs in Cardiology ◽

10.1093/med/9780199557462.003.0026 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 29-44

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Kaski

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Stable Angina ◽

Chronic Stable Angina ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Myocardial Reperfusion ◽

Syndrome X ◽

Variant Angina ◽

Cardiac Syndrome ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Developed World

Overview of stable angina 32 Treatment of stable angina 34 Pharmacological therapy for stable angina 36 Myocardial reperfusion therapies for stable angina 40 Prinzmetal’s variant angina 40 Cardiac syndrome X 41 Further reading 41 Clinical trials 42 Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The prevalence of stable angina increases with age, affecting 10–15% of women and 10–20% of men aged 65–74 years. Below the age of 50–55 years, a more distinct discrepancy between the sexes is seen, with a higher incidence seen among middle-aged men. In fact, approximately 70% of all patients with chronic stable angina are male....

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