Arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, and neurocardiogenic syncope

Atrial fibrillation 114 New (acute)-onset atrial fibrillation 116 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 118 Persistent atrial fibrillation 120 Permanent atrial fibrillation 122 Secondary atrial fibrillation 124 Drugs used in electrical and chemical cardioversion 126 Antithrombotic treatment 128 Atrial flutter 132 Supraventricular (narrow complex) tachycardias 134 Landmark trials for atrial arrhythmias ...

Coronary artery disease: Prevention of cardiovascular disease

Prevention of cardiovascular disease 72 Treatment 76 Cardioprotective agents 80 Trials supporting current recommendations 84 Further reading 86 The aim of prevention is to improve life expectancy and quality of life by reducing cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Prevention is often described as primary, involving subjects who are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are currently asymptomatic and have no evidence of CVD, or ...

Coronary artery disease: Chronic stable angina

Overview of stable angina 32 Treatment of stable angina 34 Pharmacological therapy for stable angina 36 Myocardial reperfusion therapies for stable angina 40 Prinzmetal’s variant angina 40 Cardiac syndrome X 41 Further reading 41 Clinical trials 42 Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The prevalence of stable angina increases with age, affecting 10–15% of women and 10–20% of men aged 65–74 years. Below the age of 50–55 years, a more distinct discrepancy between the sexes is seen, with a higher incidence seen among middle-aged men. In fact, approximately 70% of all patients with chronic stable angina are male....

W

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Q

This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter Q

H

This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter H

Coronary artery disease: Acute coronary syndrome

Background 46 Management of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 48 Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) 52 Unstable angina 52 Therapeutic agents 56 Drugs for secondary prevention therapy after ACS 66 Further reading 70 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of disorders resulting from severe acute myocardial ischaemia. The most common pathogenic mechanism is acute intracoronary thrombosis resulting from atheromatous plaque disruption or erosion. Platelet activation, thrombosis, and coronary vasoconstriction are all important pathogenic mechanisms in ACS....

Aortic and peripheral vascular disease

Peripheral arterial disease 316 Aortic aneurysms 320 Aortic dissection 322 Large-vessel vasculitis 324 Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)—sometimes termed peripheral vascular disease—refers to atherosclerosis, usually of the lower limbs, with obstruction to blood supply. This usually gives rise to intermittent claudication and may progress to critical limb ischaemia characterized by rest pain, ulceration, and gangrene. Symptoms may become acutely worse due to atherothrombosis or acute embolization. PAD is increasingly recognized as a marker of arterial disease in other vascular beds as atherosclerosis is usually widespread....

Perioperative cardiothoracic surgical management

Perioperative management of cardiac patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery 258 Risk stratification of cardiac patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery 260 Management of cardiac conditions associated with increased perioperative risk 262 Perioperative management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery 272 Pre-existing CVD is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Coronary artery disease accounts for the vast majority of adverse cardiac events associated with non-cardiac surgery. Other conditions associated with increased perioperative risk include HF, valvular heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmias....

U

This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter U