122. Effects of caffeine on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in normal control subjects

ObjectiveInsulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disorders are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, it is still not clear which adiposity marker could precisely predict metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with PCOS and whether these indexes are different in normo-ovulatory non-hirsute women.DesignA case–control study was conducted on a total of 175 Iranian subjects with PCOS and 525 normal control subjects, aged 18–45 years.MethodsWaist circumference (WC), BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were examined and the homeostasis model assessment index was calculated. MetS was defined according to the joint interim statement. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the extent to which measures of adiposity can predict IR and MetS risk.ResultsLAP index and VAI are two indicators (sensitivity and PPV of 70% (LAP index) and 60% (VAI), and 80% (LAP index) and 83% (VAI) respectively) that best predict IR in women with PCOS. Among healthy women, the LAP index and WC were better markers (sensitivity and PPV of 78% (LAP index) and 75% (VAI), and 82% (LAP index) and 81% (VAI) respectively). The two most reliable indicators for prediction of MetS among PCOS and normal women were the WC and VAI (sensitivity and PPV of 83% (WC) and 81% (VAI), and 97% (WC) and 95% (VAI) respectively) and the VAI and LAP index (sensitivity and PPV of 88% (VAI) and 83% (LAP index), and 98% (VAI) and 98% (LAP index) respectively) respectively.ConclusionsWhile the appropriate adiposity indicators and their optimum cutoff values vary in women with PCOS, compared with the normal control subjects, the LAP index is an easily obtainable index that might be useful for screening of cardiometabolic complications among both groups.

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Pharmacokinetics of a new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (delapril) in patients with deteriorated kidney function and in normal control subjects

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1038/clpt.1988.27 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kaoru Onoyama ◽

Fumio Nanishi ◽

Seiya Okuda ◽

Yukinori Oh ◽

Masatoshi Fujishima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Function ◽

Normal Control ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Angiotensin I ◽

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

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Plasma Inhibitory Activity against Tumour Necrosis Factor in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0900077 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Helen M. Keane ◽

Nick Sheron ◽

John Goka ◽

Robin D. Hughes ◽

Roger Williams

Keyword(s):

Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽

Normal Control ◽

Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽

Hepatic Failure ◽

Tumour Necrosis ◽

Neutralization Capacity ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Necrosis Factor

1. Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors released into the circulation inhibit the effects of excess tumour necrosis factor-α and represent an important protective response. 2. In this study we have measured the levels of tumour necrosis factor and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 in the plasma of 10 patients with fulminant hepatic failure and 10 healthy control subjects. The capacity of the plasmas at varying dilutions to inhibit the biological activity of 1000 pg/ml of recombinant tumour necrosis factor in a tumour necrosis factor cytotoxicity assay in vitro was also determined. 3. The mean plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (48.4 ± 10.9 pg/ml) were significantly increased compared with normal control subjects (6.1 ± 1.04 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Plasma soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 were also significantly elevated in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (18.16 ± 9.94 ng/ml and 16.06 ± 9.93 ng/ml respectively) when compared with normal control subjects (1.28 ± 0.24 ng/ml and 1.62 ± 0.91 ng/ml, P < 0.001). 4. Fulminant hepatic failure plasma had a much lower capacity to inhibit tumour necrosis factor bioactivity in vitro, with a statistically significant difference between the inhibitory capacity of the fulminant hepatic failure and normal plasma seen at plasma dilutions of 1:5 and 1:20 (P < 0.05). 5. The reduced tumour necrosis factor neutralization capacity observed in fulminant hepatic failure, despite the increased levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors, suggests enhanced susceptibility to the potential deleterious effects of tumour necrosis factor in fulminant hepatic failure.

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In Vitro Cell-Mediated Immunologic Assay for Cow's Milk Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.66.3.399 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 399-402

Author(s):

Azaria Ashkenazi ◽

Stanley Levin ◽

Dalia Idar ◽

Ayala Or ◽

Ian Rosenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Β Lactoglobulin ◽

In Infants And Children

The production of a lymphokine, the leukocyte-migration-inhibition factor (LIF), by peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to an in vitro challenge with bovine β-lactoglobulin was assayed in infants and children suspected of having allergy to cow's milk protein. of the patients studied, 24 had cow's milk allergy, 24 were normal control subjects, 18 had recovered from milk allergy, 10 were newborns, and 10 were babies suffering from acute gastroenteritis. All patients with milk allergy demonstrated significant LIF production in response to β-lactoglobulin (23.5% ± 6.4%). In the normal control subjects, LIF was 3.1% ± 4.3% (P < .0005). Only two of the 24 control subjects and two of the ten newborns had high-normal values bordering on the positive. None of the ten babies with acute gastroenteritis gave a positive response. Most of the children who had recovered from milk allergy and were ingesting cow's milk had negative assays. This cell-mediated immune assay is shown to be a reliable test for the diagnosis of sensitivity to milk protein in infants and children, and for determining dietary treatment and when this treatment can be safely terminated. In most cases, its use should eliminate the need for the potentially dangerous and ethically questionable provocation test, as well as the need for repeated intestinal biopsies.

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Cortisol response to intramuscular desipramine in patients with major depression and normal control subjects: A replication study

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/0165-1781(92)90027-z ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 237-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gregory M. Asnis ◽

William C. Sanderson ◽

Herman M. van Praag

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Normal Control ◽

Replication Study ◽

Cortisol Response ◽

Control Subjects

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Within-day Fluctuations in Serum Bile-acid Concentrations among Normal Control Subjects and Patients with Hepatic Disease

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/73.2.196 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 196-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Larry R. Engelking ◽

Charles A. Dasher ◽

Basil I. Hirschowitz

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Normal Control ◽

Hepatic Disease ◽

Serum Bile Acid ◽

Control Subjects

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Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter in patients with myotonic dystrophy

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850510015974 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H. Fukuda ◽

J. Horiguchi ◽

C. Ono ◽

T. Ohshita ◽

J. Takaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

White Matter ◽

Myotonic Dystrophy ◽

Normal Control ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Microstructural Changes ◽

Control Subjects

Purpose: To determine whether myotonic dystrophy (MyD) patients have diffusion tensor abnormalities suggestive of microstructural changes in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). Material and Methods: Conventional and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained in 19 MyD patients and 19 age‐matched normal control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values were calculated in white matter lesions (WMLs) and NAWM in MyD patients and in the white matter of normal control subjects. Differences between WML and NAWM values and between MyD patient and control subject values were analyzed statistically. Results: Significantly lower FA and higher MD values were found in all regions of interest in the NAWM of MyD patients than in the white matter of control subjects ( P<0.01), as well as significantly lower FA and higher MD values in WMLs than in NAWM of MyD patients ( P<0.05). There was no significant correlation of mean FA or MD values in NAWM with patient age, age at onset, or duration of illness ( P>0.1). Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis suggests the presence of diffuse microstructural changes in NAWM of MyD patients that may play an important role in the development of disability.

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