scholarly journals Erratum to: “Rejection characteristics of organic and inorganic pollutants by ultra low-pressure nanofiltration of surface water for drinking water treatment” [Desalination 145 (2002) 257–264]

Desalination ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants

Rejection characteristics of organic and inorganic pollutants by ultra low-pressure nanofiltration of surface water for drinking water treatment

Desalination ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monthon Thanuttamavong ◽  
Kazuo Yamamoto ◽  
Jeong Ik Oh ◽  
Kwang Ho Choo ◽  
Sang June Choi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants

scholarly journals First Derivative UV Spectra of Surface Water as a Monitor of Chlorination in Drinking Water Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zitko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Derivative Spectra

Many countries require the presence of free chlorine at about 0.1 mg/l in their drinking water supplies. For various reasons, such as cast-iron pipes or long residence times in the distribution system, free chlorine may decrease below detection limits. In such cases it is important to know whether or not the water was chlorinated or if nonchlorinated water entered the system by accident. Changes in UV spectra of natural organic matter in lakewater were used to assess qualitatively the degree of chlorination in the treatment to produce drinking water. The changes were more obvious in the first derivative spectra. In lakewater, the derivative spectra have a maximum at about 280 nm. This maximum shifts to longer wavelengths by up to 10 nm, decreases, and eventually disappears with an increasing dose of chlorine. The water treatment system was monitored by this technique for over 1 year and changes in the UV spectra of water samples were compared with experimental samples treated with known amounts of chlorine. The changes of the UV spectra with the concentration of added chlorine are presented. On several occasions, water, which received very little or no chlorination, may have entered the drinking water system. The results show that first derivative spectra are potentially a tool to determine, in the absence of residual chlorine, whether or not surface water was chlorinated during the treatment to produce potable water.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity of source, treated and distributed water from four drinking water treatment plants supplied by surface water in Sardinia, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 109385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Feretti ◽  
Mattia Acito ◽  
Marco Dettori ◽  
Elisabetta Ceretti ◽  
Cristina Fatigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Coagulation/flocculation prior to low pressure membranes in drinking water treatment: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2993-3023
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Malkoske ◽  
Pierre R. Bérubé ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Floc Properties ◽  
The Impact

Coagulation/flocculation has been grouped into three typical configurations and the impact of each examined in terms of floc properties and membrane fouling.

Estradiol Uptake in a Combined Magnetic Ion Exchange - Ultrafiltration (MIEX-UF) Process During Water Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Imbrogno ◽  
Jennifer Biscarat ◽  
Andrea Iris Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Magnetic Ion

Background: Estrogens and their synthetic analogues are widely used as pharmaceuticals. Upon oral administration these drugs are eventually excreted via urine. The persistence of these pharmaceuticals and inefficient removal by water treatment lead to accumulation in surface water and effluents with negative effects for aquatic life and human health. Methods: In this study, the uptake of estradiol by a combined magnetic ion exchange resin - ultrafiltration process (MIEX-UF) was investigated. This is a relatively common process used in drinking water treatment for the removal of natural organic matter. However, uptake of micropollutants, such as steroidal pharmaceuticals, may occur as a side effect of water treatment due to the high affinity for polymeric materials. To elucidate the mechanism governing estradiol partitioning between water, resin and membrane, the influence of different parameters, such as pH, humic acid concentration and membrane molecular-weight-cut-off (MWCO) was studied. Results: Humic acid concentration and pH affected estradiol uptake most. At pH 11 the most significant increase of estradiol uptake was observed for MIEX-UF process (30 ng/g corresponding to 80%) compared with individual UF (17 ng/g corresponding to 12%). The presence of humic acid slightly reduced estradiol uptake at pH 11 (about 55%) due to competition for the ion exchange binding sites. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the uptake of estradiol, which is amongst the most potent EDCs detected in surface water, in the MIEX-UF process can reach significant quantities (30 ng/g of resin) leading to uncontrolled accumulation of this micropollutant during drinking water treatment. This study gives a novel contribution in the understanding the mechanism of the unanticipated accumulation of pharmaceuticals, such as estradiol, in the drinking water treatment process.

scholarly journals Potential Repair of Escherichia coli DNA following Exposure to UV Radiation from Both Medium- and Low-Pressure UV Sources Used in Drinking Water Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293-3299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Zimmer ◽  
R. M. Slawson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Uv Lamp

ABSTRACT The increased use of UV radiation as a drinking water treatment technology has instigated studies of the repair potential of microorganisms following treatment. This study challenged the repair potential of an optimally grown nonpathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli after UV radiation from low- and medium-pressure lamps. Samples were irradiated with doses of 5, 8, and 10 mJ/cm2 from a low-pressure lamp and 3, 5, 8, and 10 mJ/cm2 from a medium-pressure UV lamp housed in a bench-scale collimated beam apparatus. Following irradiation, samples were incubated at 37°C under photoreactivating light or in the dark. Sample aliquots were analyzed for up to 4 h following incubation using a standard plate count. Results of this study showed that E. coli underwent photorepair following exposure to the low-pressure UV source, but no repair was detectable following exposure to the medium-pressure UV source at the initial doses examined. Minimal repair was eventually observed upon medium-pressure UV lamp exposure when doses were lowered to 3 mJ/cm2. This study clearly indicates differences in repair potential under laboratory conditions between irradiation from low-pressure and medium-pressure UV sources of the type used in water treatment.

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