The Role of Phytohormones (Cytokinins) in Chloroplast Development

1979 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Parthier
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development

scholarly journals Role of Arabidopsis CHL27 Protein for Photosynthesis, Chloroplast Development and Gene Expression Profiling

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1350-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Young Bang ◽  
In Sil Jeong ◽  
Dae Won Kim ◽  
Chak Han Im ◽  
Chen Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Chloroplast Development

Changes of the Polypeptide Composition in Thylakoid Membranes during Differentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdolna Droppa ◽  
Jiri Masojidek ◽  
Gábor Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Polypeptide Composition ◽  
Lhc Ii

Changes in membrane polypeptide composition during greening of etiolated maize were investigated to confirm the existence of the developmental polypeptides of 12 - 15 kDa described recently in virescent soybean mutant [M. Droppa, M. L. Ghirardi, G. Horváth, and A. Melis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 932, 138 - 145 (1988)]. These low molecular weight polypeptides were the most abundant proteins at the early stage of greening, but were largely absent from fully developed thylakoids. During greening the relative concentration of the 12-15 kDa polypeptides were inversely proportional to that of LHC II, suggesting a role of these polypeptides in the assembly of the LHC II and/or chloroplast development.

MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis coordinates carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Lingyu Hu ◽  
Hong Yue ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Jingyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The high accumulation of phloridzin makes apple (Malus domestica) unique in the plant kingdom, which suggests a vital role of its biosynthesis in the physiological processes of apple. In our previous study, silencing MdUGT88F1 (a key UDP-glucose: phloretin 2'-O-glucosyltransferase gene) revealed the importance of phloridzin biosynthesis in apple development and Valsa canker resistance. Here, results from MdUGT88F1-silencing lines showed that phloridzin biosynthesis was indispensable for normal chloroplast development and photosynthetic carbon fixation by maintaining MdGLK1/2 expression. Interestingly, the increased phloridzin biosynthesis didn’t affect plant (or chloroplast) development but reduced nitrogen accumulation, leading to chlorophyll deficiency, light sensitivity, and sugar accumulation in MdUGT88F1-overexpressing apple lines during their growth and development. Further analysis revealed that MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis negatively regulated cytosolic glutamine synthetase1-asparagine synthetase-asparaginase (GS1-AS-ASPG) pathway of ammonium assimilation and limited chlorophyll synthesis in the shoots of apple. The interference of phloridzin biosynthesis in the GS1-AS-ASPG pathway was also assumed to be associated with its limitation of the carbon skeletons of ammonium assimilation through metabolic competition with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Taken together, our findings shed light on the role of MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis in the coordination between carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple trees.

A Tale of Two Genomes: Role of a Chloroplast Signal in Coordinating Nuclear and Plastid Genome Expression

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Susek ◽  
J Chory
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Chloroplast Gene Expression ◽  
Genome Expression ◽  
Coordinate Control ◽  
Genes Encoding

Plant cells coordinately regulate the expression of nuclear and plastid genes that encode components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Nuclear genes that regulate chloroplast development and chloroplast gene expression provide part of this coordinate control. However, there is compelling evidence that information also flows in the opposite direction, from chloroplasts to the nucleus. This hypothesised, second pathway functions to coordinate the expression of nuclear genes encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus with the functional state of the chloroplast. Here we review the evidence for the signal transduction pathway from the chloroplasts to the nucleus and suggest possible signal molecules.

OsSIG2A is required for chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at low temperature by regulating plastid genes expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhenling Zhou ◽  
Hanchun Pu ◽  
Baoxiang Wang ◽  
Yunhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Young Leaves

The chloroplast is an essential photosynthetic apparatus that is more sensitive to low temperatures than other organelles. Sigma factors were revealed regulating specific gene expression for maintaining photosynthetic efficiency and adapting to physiological and environmental conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of SIG genes supporting chloroplast development under low temperature in rice have not yet been reported. Here, we uncovered the essential role of OsSIG2A in rice chloroplast development at low temperatures by a newly reported thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficient 12 (tcd12) mutant, which exhibited albino leaves with decreased chlorophyll content and malformed chloroplasts at seedling stage under low temperature. OsSIG2A is a typical chloroplast-localised RNA polymerase sigma factor, and constitutively expresses in different rice tissues, especially for young leaves and stems. Moreover, the transcription level of both PEP- and NEP- dependent genes, which are necessary for chloroplast development at early leaf development stage, was greatly affected in the tcd12 mutant under low temperature. Taken together, our findings indicate that OsSIG2A is required for early chloroplast differentiation under low temperatures by regulating plastid genes expression.

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