Heterozygous Deletion of Ornithine Decarboxylase Restores Host Defense and Ameliorates Skewed TH1/TH17 Adaptive Immune Responses in Helicobacter pylori Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-85-S-86
Author(s):  
Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽  
Brooks Scull ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Margaret M. Allaman ◽  
M. Blanca Piazuelo ◽  
...  
2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-475-S-476
Author(s):  
Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Daniel P. Barry ◽  
Brooks Scull ◽  
Uday C. Ghoshal ◽  
...  

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amin Arnaout

Integrins comprise a large family of αβ heterodimeric cell adhesion receptors that are expressed on all cells except red blood cells and that play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and function. The leukocyte integrins, which include members of the β1, β2, β3, and β7integrin family, are critical for innate and adaptive immune responses but also can contribute to many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases when dysregulated. This review focuses on the β2integrins, the principal integrins expressed on leukocytes. We review their discovery and role in host defense, the structural basis for their ligand recognition and activation, and their potential as therapeutic targets.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Bankoti ◽  
Simona Stäger

Immunity to pathogens requires generation of effective innate and adaptive immune responses.Leishmania donovanievades these host defense mechanisms to survive and persist in the host. A better understanding and identification of mechanisms thatL. donovaniemploys for its survival is critical for developing novel therapeutic interventions that specifically target the parasite. This paper will highlight some of the mechanisms that the parasite utilizes for its persistence and also discuss how the immune response is regulated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Karkhah ◽  
Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽  
Maryam Rostamtabar ◽  
Veerendra Koppolu ◽  
Sorena Darvish ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1863-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Brown ◽  
Paul Cheresh ◽  
Tatiana Goretsky ◽  
Elizabeth Managlia ◽  
Gery R. Grimm ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTCitrobacter rodentiuminfection of mice induces cell-mediated immune responses associated with crypt hyperplasia and epithelial β-catenin signaling. Recent data suggest that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cooperates with Wnt to activate β-catenin in intestinal stem and progenitor cells through phosphorylation at Ser552 (P-β-catenin552). Our aim was to determine whether epithelial PI3K/Akt activation is required for β-catenin signaling and host defense againstC. rodentium. C57BL/6 mice were infected withC. rodentiumand treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle control) or with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or wortmannin. The effects of infection on PI3K activation and β-catenin signaling were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of PI3K inhibition on host defense were analyzed by the quantification of splenic and colon bacterial clearance, and adaptive immune responses were measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Increased numbers of P-β-catenin552-stained epithelial cells were found throughout expanded crypts inC. rodentiumcolitis. We show that the inhibition of PI3K signaling attenuates epithelial Akt activation, the Ser552 phosphorylation and activation of β-catenin, and epithelial cell proliferative responses duringC. rodentiuminfection. PI3K inhibition impairs bacterial clearance despite having no impact on mucosal cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-17 [IL-17], and IL-1β) or chemokine (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10) induction. The results suggest that the host defense againstC. rodentiumrequires epithelial PI3K activation to induce Akt-mediated β-catenin signaling and the clearance ofC. rodentiumindependent of adaptive immune responses.


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