scholarly journals N-acylation of Aplysia egg-laying hormone with biotin. Characterization of bioactive and inactive derivatives.

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (36) ◽  
pp. 24413-24419
Author(s):  
S.L. Knock ◽  
B.T. Miller ◽  
J.E. Blankenship ◽  
G.T. Nagle ◽  
J.S. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying

scholarly journals Characterization of Egg Laying Hen and Broiler Fecal Microbiota in Poultry Farms in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e110076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Videnska ◽  
Md. Masudur Rahman ◽  
Marcela Faldynova ◽  
Vladimir Babak ◽  
Marta Elsheimer Matulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Poultry Farms

scholarly journals Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Breeders With Different Egg Laying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqiao Yang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health, immunity and reproductive performances. However, literature about the relationship between microbiota and reproductive performance is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota of broiler breeders with different egg laying rate. A total of 200 AA+ parent broiler breeders (41-week-old) were separated into two groups according to their different egg laying rate [average egg laying rate group (AR: 78.57 ± 0.20%) and high egg laying rate group (HR: 90.79 ± 0.43%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), ovary cell apoptosis rate (ApoCR) and relative abdominal fat weight were lower (p = 0.01), while the hatchability rate of qualified egg was higher (p = 0.04) in HR group than that in AR group. Phascolarctobacterium abundance were lower (p = 0.012) in ileum of HR birds. Romboutsia (genus) in ileum was negatively related to the feed efficiency (r = −0.58, p < 0.05), Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) abundances in cecum were positively related to the egg laying rate (ELR) (r = 0.35 and 0.48, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.42 and 0.43, p < 0.05), while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Sphaerochaeta (genus) abundances in cecum were negatively related to the ELR (r = −0.43 and −0.70, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.54 and 0.48, p < 0.05), and positively related to ApoCR (r = 0.46 and 0.47, p < 0.05). Our results suggested that microbiota, such as Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) have positive relationship, while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Romboutsia (genus) abundances exert negative relationship with broiler breeders' reproductive performances.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of the rod visual pigment of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a basal mammal

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONSTANZE BICKELMANN ◽  
JAMES M. MORROW ◽  
JOHANNES MÜLLER ◽  
BELINDA S.W. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Bovine Rhodopsin ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

AbstractMonotremes are the most basal egg-laying mammals comprised of two extant genera, which are largely nocturnal. Visual pigments, the first step in the sensory transduction cascade in photoreceptors of the eye, have been examined in a variety of vertebrates, but little work has been done to study the rhodopsin of monotremes. We isolated the rhodopsin gene of the nocturnal short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) and expressed and functionally characterized the protein in vitro. Three mutants were also expressed and characterized: N83D, an important site for spectral tuning and metarhodopsin kinetics, and two sites with amino acids unique to the echidna (T158A and F169A). The λmax of echidna rhodopsin (497.9 ± 1.1 nm) did not vary significantly in either T158A (498.0 ± 1.3 nm) or F169A (499.4 ± 0.1 nm) but was redshifted in N83D (503.8 ± 1.5 nm). Unlike other mammalian rhodopsins, echidna rhodopsin did react when exposed to hydroxylamine, although not as fast as cone opsins. The retinal release rate of light-activated echidna rhodopsin, as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy, had a half-life of 9.5 ± 2.6 min−1, which is significantly shorter than that of bovine rhodopsin. The half-life of the N83D mutant was 5.1 ± 0.1 min−1, even shorter than wild type. Our results show that with respect to hydroxylamine sensitivity and retinal release, the wild-type echidna rhodopsin displays major differences to all previously characterized mammalian rhodopsins and appears more similar to other nonmammalian vertebrate rhodopsins such as chicken and anole. However, our N83D mutagenesis results suggest that this site may mediate adaptation in the echidna to dim light environments, possibly via increased stability of light-activated intermediates. This study is the first characterization of a rhodopsin from a most basal mammal and indicates that there might be more functional variation in mammalian rhodopsins than previously assumed.

scholarly journals Calcineurin, a Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Phosphatase, Is Involved in Movement, Fertility, Egg Laying, and Growth inCaenorhabditis elegans

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3281-3293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Jiyeon Lee ◽  
Jungsoo Lee ◽  
Jin Il Lee ◽  
Jae-Ran Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Calcineurin is a Ca2+-calmodulin–dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that has been implicated in various signaling pathways. Here we report the identification and characterization of calcineurin genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (cna-1 and cnb-1), which share high homology with Drosophila and mammalian calcineurin genes. C. elegans calcineurin binds calcium and functions as a heterodimeric protein phosphatase establishing its biochemical conservation in the nematode. Calcineurin is expressed in hypodermal seam cells, body-wall muscle, vulva muscle, neuronal cells, and in sperm and the spermatheca. cnb-1 mutants showed pleiotropic defects including lethargic movement and delayed egg-laying. Interestingly, these characteristic defects resembled phenotypes observed in gain-of-function mutants ofunc-43/Ca2+-calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and goa-1/Go-protein α-subunit. Double mutants of cnb-1 andunc-43(gf) displayed an apparent synergistic severity of movement and egg-laying defects, suggesting that calcineurin may have an antagonistic role in CaMKII-regulated phosphorylation signaling pathways in C. elegans.

Purification and characterization of Aplysia atrial gland secretory granules containing egg-laying prohormone-related peptides

Peptides ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg T. Nagle ◽  
Walter R.A. Van Heumen ◽  
Mahdy A. El-Hamzawy ◽  
Alexander Kurosky
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Atrial Gland

Isolation of Salmonella enterica in Laying-Hen Flocks and Assessment of Eggshell Contamination in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2071-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANNE CHEMALY ◽  
ADELINE HUNEAU-SALAÜN ◽  
ANNIE LABBE ◽  
CATHERINE HOUDAYER ◽  
ISABELLE PETETIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
The Relationship

The present investigation was conducted in conjunction with the European Union baseline study for the estimation of Salmonella prevalence in laying-hen flocks. It aimed at evaluating eggshell contamination in farms positive for Salmonella, characterizing the genetic patterns of Salmonella strains and identifying the factors associated with Salmonella contamination of eggshells. For this purpose, a total of 4,200 eggs were collected from 28 positive flocks and analyzed according to draft Annex D of International Organization for Standardization Method 6579. Molecular characterization of the Salmonella strains was obtained by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method with two restriction enzymes, XbaI and BlnI. The relationship between the presence of Salmonella on eggshells and rearing practices was studied by using multiple correspondence analysis. Results showed that 39.3% of the positive flocks had at least one positive eggshell, with a total of 1.05% of eggshells testing positive for Salmonella. We detected the same serovars on samples taken from the farm and from eggshells within a given flock, with isolates sharing the same genetic pattern in 7 of 11 flocks. Eggshells tested positive for Salmonella in flocks (i) located where delivery trucks pass near air entrances of the poultry house, (ii) with high holding capacity (>30,000 laying hens), and (iii) with more than five positive samples coming from the farm environment, as well as in cases of flocks with a maximum egg-laying rate of >96% and in cases where farmers worked in other animal production. This study provided valuable information that could be used for risk management and risk assessment studies.

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