scholarly journals The Origin of Cholesterol in Liver, Small Intestine, Adrenal Gland, and Testis of the Rat: Dietary versus Endogenous Contributions

1959 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Morris ◽  
I.L. Chaikoff
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adrenal Gland

Generalized Amyloidosis in Rhesus Monkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Blanchard ◽  
G. B. Baskin ◽  
E. A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Active Colitis ◽  
Gross Lesions

Necropsy materials from 57 cases of generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys were reviewed. Clinically, animals with the disease were characterized by cachexia with muscle wasting, recurrent diarrhea, and arthritis. Gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, chronic/active colitis, fibrous strictures of the cecocolic junction, osteoarthritis, and generalized muscle atrophy. Histologic examination revealed minimal to severe deposits of amyloid in the small intestine (100%), spleen (93%), large intestine (67%), liver (40%), lymph nodes (71%), stomach and/or adrenal gland (32%). More amyloid was deposited in the spleen, liver, and small intestine than in other organs. Shigella sp. were isolated from feces in 23% of the cases and 84% had histologic evidence of colitis. Other findings indicated that 100% of the animals had lung mites, 25% had strictures of the cecocolic junction, and 40% had osteoarthritis. Thirty percent of the cases occurred in animals 10 months to 5 years of age, 10% in ages 6 to 10 years, and 60% in animals greater than 10 years old.

scholarly journals Whole-body autoradiographic distribution of exogenously administered renal renin in rats.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kim ◽  
H Iwao ◽  
N Nakamura ◽  
F Ikemoto ◽  
K Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Perchloric Acid Solution

We studied, by whole-body autoradiography, the distribution of exogenously administered renal renin in rat. Rat renal renin was completely purified and labeled with 125I ([125I]-renin) and was then injected into the tail veins of conscious rats at a dose of 30 microCi, 430 ng. After various intervals, rats were killed by an overdose of ether, the whole body rapidly frozen in acetone-dry ice, and autoradiography performed on sagittal whole-body sections. To remove breakdown products ([125I]-tyrosine and free 125I) from [125I]-renin, sections were treated with perchloric acid solution. The main accumulation of [125I]-renin acid-insoluble radioactivity was observed in liver and renal cortex. The accumulation in these organs was already evident 2 min after the injection, reached a maximum level by 15 min, then gradually decreased. A small amount of [125I]-renin was also evident in spleen, bone marrow, and adrenal gland. Thirty min after the injection, radioactivity began to appear in the thyroid gland, stomach, and small intestine, but disappeared with acid treatment, except in the thyroid. Radioactivity was negligible in other organs including brain, submaxillary gland, lung, heart, and testis. These autoradiographs clearly demonstrate that exogenously administered renal renin is distributed mainly in the liver and renal cortex.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Localization of Huntingtin-associated Protein 1 in Endocrine System of the Rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liao ◽  
Jianying Shen ◽  
Yinong Zhang ◽  
Shi-Hua Li ◽  
Xiao-Jiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelle

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) was originally found to be localized in neurons and is thought to play an important role in neuronal vesicular trafficking and/or organelle transport. Based on functional similarity between neuron and endocrine cell in vesicular trafficking, we examined the expression and localization of HAP1 in the rat endocrine system using immunohistochemistry. HAP1-immunoreactive cells are widely distributed in the anterior lobe of the pituitary, scattered in the wall of the thyroid follicles, or clustered in the interfollicular space of the thyroid gland, exclusively but diffusely distributed in the medullae of adrenal glands, and selectively located in the pancreas islets. HAP1-containing cells were also found in the mucosa of stomach and small intestine with a distributive pattern similar to that of gastrointestinal endocrine cells. However, no HAP1-immunoreactive cell was found in the cortex of the adrenal gland, the testis, and the ovary. In the posterior lobe of the pituitary, HAP1-immunoreactive products were not detected in the cell bodies but in many stigmoid bodies, one kind of non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle with a central or eccentric electron-lucent core. HAP1-immunoreactive stigmoid bodies were also found in the cytoplasm of endocrine cells in the thyroid gland, the medullae of adrenal gland, the pancreas islets, the stomach, and small intestine. The present study demonstrates that HAP1 is selectively expressed in part of the small peptide-, protein-, and amino-acid analog and derivative-secreting endocrine cells but not in steroid hormone-secreting cells, suggesting that HAP1 is also involved in intracellular trafficking in certain types of endocrine cells.

AN INFANTILE LEIOMYOSARCOMA THAT METASTASIZED FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE TO THE ADRENAL GLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davut Sahin ◽  
Handan Cetiner ◽  
Semih Mirapoglu ◽  
Ozgur Mete
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adrenal Gland

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

An adrenocortical oncocytoma with unusual mitochondrial inclusions and cytoplasmic crystals

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
W.T. Gunning ◽  
G.D. Haselhuhn ◽  
E.R. Phillips ◽  
S.H. Selman
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Microscopic Evidence

Within the last few years, adrenal cortical tumors with features concordant with the diagnostic criteria attributed to oncocytomas have been reported. To date, only nine reported cases exist in the literature. This report is the tenth case presentation of a presumptively benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland with a rare differentiation. Oncocytomas are well recognized benign tumors of the thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands and of the kidney. Other organs also give rise to these types of tumors, however with less frequency than the former sites. The characteristics generally used to classify a tumor as an oncocytoma include the following criteria: the tumor is 1) usually a solitary circumscribed mass with no gross nor microscopic evidence of metastasis (no tissue nor vascular invasion), 2) fairly bland in terms of mitotic activity and nuclear morphology, and 3) composed of large eosinophillic cells in which the cytoplasm is packed full of mitochondria (Figure 1).

Immunochemical visualization of cyclic AMP in myenteric neurons of guinea-pig small intestine+

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A683-A683
Author(s):  
J GUZMAN ◽  
S SHARP ◽  
J YU ◽  
F MCMORRIS ◽  
A WIEMELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Neurons
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