Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and reversible spinal cord ischemia during experimental thoracic aortic occlusion

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the spinal canal is far from a stagnant column of liquid, simply bathing the spinal cord, but is constantly being subjected to waves of energy, produced by both the cardiac and the respiratory cycles. Moreover, the spinal subarachnoid channels are normally in free communication with the intracranial basal cisterns and volume exchanges take place between these two compartments, during normal daily activities. A variety of pathological processes can alter CSF hydrodynamics, leading to the development of several conditions. These include Chiari malformations and syringomyelia, as well as extra-axial collections of CSF. They are best regarded as disorders of CSF circulation, rather than as isolated spinal pathologies.

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Quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at phase contrast cine-MRI: predictivity of neurosurgical "Shunt" responsiveness in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences ◽

10.23736/s0390-5616.17.04092-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Stecco ◽

Alessia Cassarà ◽

Alberto Zuccalà ◽

Mihaela B. Anoaica ◽

Egidio Genovese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Normal Pressure ◽

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Cine Mri ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics Study: Applications in Clinical Practice

Chettinad Health City Medical Journal ◽

10.36503/chcmj2(2)-04 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

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Neuroprotective Effect of Epidural Electrical Stimulation against Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200507000-00015 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 84-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Manabu Kakinohana ◽

Hideki Harada ◽

Yasunori Mishima ◽

Tatsuhiko Kano ◽

Kazuhiro Sugahara

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽

Aortic Occlusion ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Optimal Setting ◽

Transient Aortic Occlusion ◽

Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury

Background Electroconvulsion therapy is likely to serve as an effective preconditioning stimulus for inducing tolerance to ischemic brain injury. The current study examines whether electrical stimuli on the spinal cord is also capable of inducing tolerance to ischemic spinal cord injury by transient aortic occlusion. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in combination with maintaining systemic hypotension (40 mmHg) during the procedure. Animals implanted with epidural electrodes were divided into four groups according to electrical stimulation and sham. Two groups consisted of rapid preconditioning (RE group, n = 8) and sham procedure (RC group, n = 8) 30 min before 9 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the two groups that underwent delayed preconditioning, rats were exposed to 9 min of aortic occlusion 24 h after either pretreatment with epidural electrical stimulation (DE group, n = 8) or sham (DC group, n = 8). In addition, rats were exposed to 6-11 min of spinal cord ischemia at 30 min or 24 h after epidural electrical stimulation or sham stimulation. The group P50 represents the duration of spinal cord ischemia associated with 50% probability of resultant paraplegia. Results Pretreatment with electrical stimulation in the DE group but not the RE group protected the spinal cord against ischemia, and this stimulation prolonged the P50 by approximately 15.0% in the DE group compared with the DC group. Conclusions Although the optimal setting for this electrical preconditioning should be determined in future studies, the results suggest that epidural electrical stimulation will be a useful approach to provide spinal protection against ischemia.

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Percutaneous flexible bipolar epidural neuroelectrode for spinal cord stimulation

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1984.60.6.1317 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1317-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alfred G. Kaschner ◽

Wilhelm Sandmann ◽

Heinz Larkamp

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Epidural Space ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽

Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽

Aortic Occlusion ◽

Content Type ◽

Fine Print

✓ This article describes a new flexible bipolar neuroelectrode which is inserted percutaneously into the epidural space for segmental spinal cord stimulation. This electrode was used in experiments with dogs and monkeys for recording cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in order to identify intraoperative spinal cord ischemia during periods of aortic occlusion.

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