Chromosomal aberrations induced by dialkylating agents in allium cepa root-tips and their relation to the mitotic cycle and DNA synthesis

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Matagne
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Root Tips

Alkaline extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations on Allium cepa L. root tips

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Adewale K Ogunyemi ◽  
Akeem A Abayomi ◽  
O Opawale Rachael ◽  
Titilola A Samuel ◽  
Matthew O Ilori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Extract Using Allium cepa Bioassay

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Samah Bodowara ◽  
Fauzia El Garaboli ◽  
Salem El shatshat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

The present study aimed to measure the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the bark of A. nilotica extract. Allium cepa assay was used to find out the effect of A. nilotica extract on chromosome structure and behavior during cell division. The root tips meristem cells were treated with different concentration of A. nilotica bark aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001mg/ml) for 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Cytological analysis revealed decreasing in cell division in all used concentration especially at high ones. The obtained results indicate that aqueous extracts of A. nilotica plant have the ability to decrease the (MI%) values with increasing the concentration at (P<0.005). All treatments have caused different kind of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: change percentage of mitotic phases, C-mitosis, stickiness, chromosome bridges, Micronucleus and vagrant chromosome. The action of A. nilotica bark extract on the genetic material led to decrease in dividing cells number which was concentration and time depended. This inhibition of cell division was due to disturbances in nucleus as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. KEY WORDS: Allium cepa assay: A. nilotica: Chromosomal aberrations; MI.

scholarly journals The effect of the edein complex on the activity of apical root meristems of Allium cepa L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
J. A. Tarkowska ◽  
K. B. Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Good Accordance ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Of Dna Synthesis

The effect of a mixture of edeins in water solution on the meristematic activity of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips was studied during the incubation and postincubation periods. Reduction of the elongation growth of the root tips and a strong decrease in. the number of mitoses was observed what, as cytochemical and autoradiographical studies have shown, is due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis is completely inhibited after 24 hrs of incubation. Changes caused by 25 ppm concentration of the solution are reversible during postincubation. The concentration of 50 ppm produces irreversible damage. The main direction of cytochemical changes caused by the action of edeins on the meristematic cells is in good accordance with those recorded for bacterial cells (Kuryło-Borowska 1962, Borowski and Chmara 1968).

scholarly journals Allium Cepa Root Chromosomal Aberration Assay: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Khanna ◽  
Sonia Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Assay ◽  
Antigenotoxic Effects

Higher plants, an important material for genetic tests to monitor various pollutant present in the environment. Among the plant species, Alium cepa has been used to evaluate chromosome aberrations and disturbances in the mitotic cycle. Now days, it has been used to assess a great number of genotoxic/antigenotoxic agents, which contributes to its increasing application in environmental monitoring. The A. cepa is commonly used as a test organism because it is cheap, easily available and handled and has advantages over other short-term tests. Among the endpoints of A. cepa root chromosomal aberrations, detection of chromosomal aberration have been the most used one to detect genotoxicity/ antigenotoxicity along the years. The mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities are used to evaluate genotoxicity and micronucleus analysis used to verify mutagenicity of different chemicals. The Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay is widely used to determine genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of different plant extracts.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF THE CRUDE SAPONINS OF Yucca elephantipesL. LEAVESONTHE Allium cepa L. ROOT TIPS MITOSIS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Najem
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Plant Test

 This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered toxic and sub lethal. Saponins arrested chromosomes at metaphase (c-metaphase) up to 100% at 6.25 mg/ml and chromosomal aberrations including micronuclei and nuclear lesion (chromatin lesion) in prophase and interphase at the concentrations 25 and 50 mg/l recorded 1.30-8.30%.

The preprophase band: possible involvement in the formation of the cell wall

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packard ◽  
S.M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
The Matrix

Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the “preprophase” band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa. The content of these vesicles looks similar to the matrix of adjacent cell walls, and these vesicles often appear to be involved in exocytosis. In addition, the cell walls perpendicular to the plane of (beneath) the preprophase band are often differentially thickened compared to the walls lying parallel to the plane of the band. Our interpretation of these observations is that the preprophase band may direct or channel vesicles containing precursors of the cell wall to localized regions of wall synthesis. The incorporation of constituents of the cell wall into a narrow region defined by the position of the preprophase band may be a mechanism that ensures unidirecitonal growth of meristematic cells.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using theAllium cepaandArtemia salinaBioassays

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracelli de Sousa Leite ◽  
Alisson Ferreira Dantas ◽  
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonio L. Gomes Júnior ◽  
Sidney Gonçalo de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used anArtemia salinabioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the meristems’ root ofAllium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO4·5H2O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic toA. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO4·5H2O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in theA. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in theA. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.

scholarly journals Coal extraction causes sediment toxicity in aquatic environments in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucimaira Amaral de Freitas ◽  
Cassiano Lazarotto Rambo (in memoriam) ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Antônio Felipe Primon de Barros ◽  
Guilherme Dos Santos De Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Sediment Samples

This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.

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