scholarly journals Coal extraction causes sediment toxicity in aquatic environments in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucimaira Amaral de Freitas ◽  
Cassiano Lazarotto Rambo (in memoriam) ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Antônio Felipe Primon de Barros ◽  
Guilherme Dos Santos De Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Sediment Samples

This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using theAllium cepaandArtemia salinaBioassays

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracelli de Sousa Leite ◽  
Alisson Ferreira Dantas ◽  
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonio L. Gomes Júnior ◽  
Sidney Gonçalo de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used anArtemia salinabioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the meristems’ root ofAllium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO4·5H2O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic toA. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO4·5H2O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in theA. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in theA. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.

scholarly journals Associations among Heavy Metals and Proteinuria and Chronic Kidney Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Hui-Ju Tsai ◽  
Chih-Hsing Hung ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chiu-Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing annually in Taiwan. In addition to traditional risk factors, heavy metals contribute to the development of CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate associations among heavy metals and proteinuria and CKD in the general population in Southern Taiwan. We also explored the interaction and synergetic effects among heavy metals on proteinuria. Methods: We conducted a health survey in the general population living in Southern Taiwan between June 2016 and September 2018. Seven heavy metals were measured: blood lead (Pb) and urine nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). Proteinuria was measured using reagent strips. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: The mean age of the 2447 participants was 55.1 ± 13.2 years and included 977 males and 1470 females. Participants with high blood Pb and high urine Ni, Mn, Cu, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Interactions between blood Pb and urine Cr, and between urine Cd and Cu, had significant effects on proteinuria. The participants with high blood Pb and high urine Cu were significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: High blood Pb and high urine Cu may be associated with proteinuria and an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. High urine Ni, Mn, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Co-exposure to Cd and Cu, and Pb and Cr, may have synergistic effects on proteinuria.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques Senedese ◽  
Aline Rafaela Rodrigues ◽  
Michelle Andrade Furtado ◽  
Viviane Dias Faustino ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Topical Formulations

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In thein vitrostudies, 3-h pulse (G1phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In thein vivoassessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in thein vitrotest.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Chronic Restraint-Induced Stress and Low-Dose 56Fe-particle Irradiation on Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations in Trp53-Heterozygous Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Katsube ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Kaoru Tanaka ◽  
Yasuharu Ninomiya ◽  
Hirokazu Hirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Particle Irradiation

scholarly journals Toleransi logam berat timbal (Pb) pada bakteri indigenous dari air laut Pelabuhan Paotere, Makassar (Heavy metal lead [Pb] tolerance of indigenous bacteria from Seawater in Paotere Port, Makassar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Fahruddin ◽  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Sareda .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Polluted Waters

Marine water which has been polluted by heavy metals such as lead (Pb) from port activities can affect marine life, however several microorganisms are able to adapt in polluted waters due to their resistant capabilities. The research aimed to obtain isolates bacterial which are resistant to Pb and to test their resistant ability. Bacterial isolation was obtained from sediment and seawater taken in Paotere Port, Makassar. The isolation of the resistant bacteria was done using nutrient agar media which contained 10 ppm of Pb. The growth of the bacteria was initially observed macroscopically and microscopically to determine type of the colony. Resistant test for each type of isolate was done by inoculating them on nutrient broth media which contained different concentration of Pb: 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, and a control. The test resulted in eight different isolates, five isolates from sediment samples and three from seawater samples. The results showed that each isolate has different degree of resistant toward Pb. Isolate IA1 has the higher resistant ability, and it was followed by isolate IS5.---Perairan laut tercemar logam berat timbal (Pb), yang bersumber dari aktifitas pelabuhan, dapat mengganggu kehidupan biota laut, namun sejumlah mikrorganisme mampu beradaptasi karena memiliki kemampuan resistan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri yang resistan terhadap Pb dan menguji kemampuan resistansinya. Isolasi bakteri diperoleh dari sampel sedimen dan air laut dari Pelabuhan Paotere, Makassar.Untuk isolasi bakteri resistan menggunakan media nutrient agar yang megandung 10 ppm Pb. Bakteri yang tumbuh diamati secara makropskopis dan mikroskopis sebagai pendekatan awal untuk mengetahui jenis isolat. Uji resistansi dilakukan untuk setiap jenis isolat, yang diinokulasikan pada media nutrient broth pada konsentrasi Pb sebesar 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm. 20 ppm, 25 ppm dan 0 ppm sebagai kontrol.  Hasilnya, diperoleh delapan jenis isolat yang berbeda, yaitu lima jenis isolat dari sampel sedimen dan tiga dari sampel air laut. Dari hasil uji memperlihatkan, bahwa setiap isolat memiliki kemampuan resistansi berbeda-beda terhadap Pb. Isolat IA1 kemampuan resistansinya lebih tinggi, kemudian isolat IS5.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Metallic Contamination of Water and Sediments in Navigation Canal and Industrial Zone South Port Said, Egypt

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nabil, A. E. Azzaz ◽  
Mokhtar, S. Beheary ◽  
Mohamed, N. Raslan ◽  
Hazem T. Abd El Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Port Said ◽  
Mean Concentration

In the present study, water and sediment samples were collected from Navigation Canal and from Industrial Zone South Port Said to assess heavy metals contamination. It was shown that, the highest mean concentration of heavy metals in water samples was observed in summer, and the lowest mean was observed in winter. It has been made evident that the industrialization in Industrial Zone South Port Said was responsible for the present deteriorating conditions. However, it was shown that, the highest mean concentration of heavy metals in sediment samples was observed in winter, and the lowest mean was observed in summer. Pollution status was evaluated using some indices: geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI). Based on Igeo, all metal values were unpolluted. On the basis of the values of CF, sediments are high in winter and low in summer. Metals concentrations were in the following order: Ni > Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Co > Cd. According to CF classification, Ni contamination was considerable. RI of winter season can be classified as moderate pollution. No pollution was classified for PLI in all seasons. The decrease in PLI and RI values were indicated dilution and dispersion of metal content with increasing distance from source areas. It is suggested that PLI can give an indication about the trend spatially and temporarily. In addition, it also provides significant data and advice to the policy and decision makers on the contamination degree of the area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Glyphosate on Allium cepa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Yousif M. Fattah ◽  
Ali H. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
As Toxicity

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used mostly in crops. This study looked at the genotoxic and Glyphosate has a cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa. As toxicity markers, the Mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, formations of Micronucleus, germination percentage, root duration, and seed weight were used. Allium cepa seeds were afflicted with distinct concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l) of Glyphosate for 24 h treatment periods. The results reveal that pesticide Glyphosateis capable to reduce root growth and causes chromosomal aberrations;consisting of an anaphase bridge, ring chromosome, binucleated cells, multipolarity, Fragment chromosome, vagrant chromosome, chromatid gaps, star anaphase. With increasing Glyphosate concentration, the mitotic index decreased rapidly. In conclusion, our findings indicate that used pesticidemay be toxic to living organism.

scholarly journals Gating of aquaporins by heavy metals in Allium cepa L. epidermal cells

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Maria Przedpelska-Wasowicz ◽  
Malgorzata Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Distribution and Potential Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir: The Relationship to Environmental Variables

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Hongwei Fang ◽  
Ke Ni ◽  
Wenjun Yang ◽  
Weihua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
The Three Gorges

In this study, surface sediment samples were taken from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in June 2015 to estimate the spatial distribution and potential risk of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni (34 sites from the mainstream and 9 sites from the major tributaries), and correlations with environmental variables were analyzed (e.g., median sediment size, water depth, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the bottom water samples, and total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the surface sediment samples). Results show that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments have increased over the last few decades, especially for Cd and Pb; and the sites in the downstream area, e.g., Badong (BD) and Wushan (WS), have had greater increments of heavy metal concentrations. The sampling sites from S6 to S12-WS are identified as hot spots for heavy metal distribution and have relatively high heavy metal concentrations, and there are also high values for the sites affected by urban cities (e.g., the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni for the site S12-WS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations increased slightly along the mainstream due to pollutants discharged along the Yangtze River and sediment sorting in the reservoir, and the values in the mainstream were greater than those in the tributaries. Meanwhile, the heavy metal concentrations were generally positively correlated with water depth (especially for Ni), while negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and median sediment size. These environmental variables have a great impact on the partition of heavy metals between the sediment and overlying water. According to the risk assessment, the heavy metals in the surface sediments of TGR give a low to moderate level of pollution.

scholarly journals Determination of the Environmental Pollution Potential of Some Herbicides by the Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Allium cepa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Rosculete ◽  
Elena Bonciu ◽  
Elena Rosculete ◽  
Liviu Olaru
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Alterations ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Working Method

The present study aims to evaluate the potential for the pollution of the environment by two herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl and cycloxydim), using the Allium test. The species in question is Allium cepa (onion, 2n = 16), one of the most common plant indicators of environmental pollution. The working method consisted of obtaining the meristematic roots of Allium cepa and their treatment with herbicides at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) for each herbicide for 24 h, for comparison with an untreated control. The results obtained from the cytological study indicated a strong cytotoxic and genotoxic effect for both herbicides, but especially for quizalofop-p-ethyl, where the mitotic index decreased from 30.2% (control) to 9.6% for the variant treated with 1.5% herbicide. In this case, a strong mitodepressive effect was shown by a highly significant percentage (35.4%) of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations: stickiness, fragments, C-mitosis, lobulated nucleus, micronuclei, and nuclear erosion. The mitodepressive effect as well as the percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased with a higher herbicide concentration. The obtained results suggest the strong potential for pollution of the two herbicides, particularly at concentrations higher than 0.5%; therefore, we recommend caution in their use to avoid undesirable effects on the environment.

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