scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF THE CRUDE SAPONINS OF Yucca elephantipesL. LEAVESONTHE Allium cepa L. ROOT TIPS MITOSIS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Najem
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Plant Test

 This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered toxic and sub lethal. Saponins arrested chromosomes at metaphase (c-metaphase) up to 100% at 6.25 mg/ml and chromosomal aberrations including micronuclei and nuclear lesion (chromatin lesion) in prophase and interphase at the concentrations 25 and 50 mg/l recorded 1.30-8.30%.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic in Vivo Effects of The Aqueous Extract of Raphanus Sativus L. Leaves in Mitosis of the Meristematic Cells of \Onion Roots

2020 ◽  
pp. 2189-2195
Author(s):  
Rasha Kareem Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Crude Aqueous Extract

The current study included the preparation of the aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae), commonly known as radish which is widely available throughout the world and has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. The study was designed to evaluate the in vivo cytogenetic activity of the crude aqueous extract of R. sativus on mitosis on Allium cepa root tips as a plant test system. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude aqueous extract (0.00, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/ml). The study included a number of cytogenetic analyses such as mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. The data showed that this extract led to reducing the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%. Specifically, when treated with 10 and 40 mg/ml the mitotic index reached 23.72 % and 41.89 %, respectively. This reduction is considered to have toxic and sublethal effects. The extract caused an arrest of the cells at metaphase (c-metaphase) with a high percentage of 80.76% at 5 mg/ml, along with chromosomal aberrations including sticky metaphase, polar deviation, and bridges in anaphase.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic effects of insecticide Lamda cyhalothrin on meristemic cells of Allium cepa L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Binucleated Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Spindle Fibers

The effect of insecticide lamda cyhalothrin on Allium cepa L.root meristem were studied cytogenetically .Using three concentrations of the insecticide 5%, 7.5%, 10% at 6,12,24hours treatments . The insecticide significantly reduced the mitotic index at all concentrations. Moreover showed its ability to induced C – metaphase in 10% .The effects were also caused chromosome aberration like stickness in anaphase, telophase, binucleated cells, Micronuclei formation. These alternations indicating that this insecticide was effective in producing disturbance of spindle fibers.

Alkaline extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations on Allium cepa L. root tips

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Adewale K Ogunyemi ◽  
Akeem A Abayomi ◽  
O Opawale Rachael ◽  
Titilola A Samuel ◽  
Matthew O Ilori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

scholarly journals Cytogenetic effect of crude aqueous extract from leaf of Lycium barbarum on root tip of Allium cepa L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Crude Aqueous Extract

This study was carried out to investigate the cytogenetic effects of crude aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum on the roots tip of Allium cepa Using three concentration 125, 25, 50 mg/ ml for 2, 4, 6 hours treatment periods.This study were included some cytogenetic analysis such as mitotic index , phase index and chromosome aberration. The data showed that the treatment with 50mg/ml for 6huors led to reduce the mitotic index less than 50% . This reduction considered to have toxic and sublethal effect . These results revealed mutagenic potency by inducing differents type of chromosome aberration.

scholarly journals Effect of the aqueous extract of Banana Fruits Peal Musa paradisiaca on Mitosis in Plant and Mammalian cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 858-866
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Albino Mice

The aqueous extract of banana fruits peal was tested for its effect on mitosis . The root tips of Allium cepa were used as plant test system and the bone marrow cells of the albino mice Mus musculus were used as mammalians test system in vivo .Root tips of Allium cepa were treated for four hours with five concentrations of the extract (5 , 10 , 20 , 40 ,60 mg / ml.).The Metaphase was arrested in all the treatments , the highest percentage ( 100 % ) was recorded in the first concentration , the last concentration caused stickiness and clumping of the chromosomes. The treatments did not cause significant difference in the mitotic index. The peals extract (5 mg /ml) was compared with the extracts of fruits bulb, leaves and roots of banana plant, it was found that the extract of fruits peal is the best considering the highest percentages of arrested Metaphase in the root tips cells. The albino mice Mus musculus were injected intraperitonial with the peals extract ( 0.01 , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg / gm body weight), the percentages of arrested Metaphase in the bone marrow of these animals were comparable to the recorded percentages when the animals were injected with colchicine ( 0.01 mg / gm b.w.) .This study revealed the antimitotic activity of the aqueous extract of banana fruits peal on both the plant and mammalian cells in vivo. Studies will be conducted to investigate the effect of the extract and its components on the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Chromosomal behavior of Allium cepa L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Jyotirmoy Sharma ◽  
Jinu Devi Rajkumari ◽  
Ingtipi W. ◽  
Rakesh Boro ◽  
Shivani Das
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multinuclear Cells

Effect of chemical mutagens was studied in mitotic cells of Allium cepa L. For this purpose root tips were treated with saturated solution of peradichloro benzene, 0.2% EMS and 0.2 % freshly prepared colchicines for 4hours to 9hours.The studies revealed a wide range of chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, laggards, chromosomal bridge, unequal separation, nuclear budding, multinuclear cells etc.The parentage of chromosomal abnormalities in different mitotic stages were calculated on mitotic index, frequency of phases and percentage of abnormalities in mitosis. The chromosomal abnormalities increase with increase duration of treatment. The results showed that in colchicines and EMS more than 50% abnormalities ware observed after 8 hrs of treatment, while in PDB it takes 6 hours treatment. Minimum MI was recorded as 65% in controlled cells. In colchicines and EMS treated cells 0.9.5%, 20% MI ware observed after 8hrs of treatment. Whereas in PDB maximum 23% MI was recorded in cells treated for 6hrs.

scholarly journals Influence of extract from shoots of Taxus baccata var. elegantissima on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Joanna Guzewska ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Average Size

We investigated the influence of extract from <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. Elegantissima (TbE) shoots in 1:8 dilution, containing paclitaxel in concentration of 81,6 µg/g fresh mass on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips. Incubation time 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was followed with postincubation in water for 12 and 24 h. During shorter incubation (till 12 h) the surface of the cell nuclei decreased and chromatin became condensed (in comparison to control) but after 24 h the average surface increased and chromatin condensation decreased. In the course of incubation the average size of plastids and vacuoles increased. Moreover, after treatment mitochondria and plastids showed degradation of ultrastructure, which was reversed after 12 h of postincubation. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrated that in the course of incubation in the ThE extract, the tubulin cytoskeleton became partially disorganised. In most interphase cells, cortical microtubules (MTs) lost their oval transverse orientation. The preprophase band (PPB) position in the cell was often asymmetrical. The MTs array of the karyokinetic spindle and phragmoplast was also disturbed. These alterations were completely reversed during postincubation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Glyphosate on Allium cepa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Yousif M. Fattah ◽  
Ali H. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
As Toxicity

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used mostly in crops. This study looked at the genotoxic and Glyphosate has a cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa. As toxicity markers, the Mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, formations of Micronucleus, germination percentage, root duration, and seed weight were used. Allium cepa seeds were afflicted with distinct concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l) of Glyphosate for 24 h treatment periods. The results reveal that pesticide Glyphosateis capable to reduce root growth and causes chromosomal aberrations;consisting of an anaphase bridge, ring chromosome, binucleated cells, multipolarity, Fragment chromosome, vagrant chromosome, chromatid gaps, star anaphase. With increasing Glyphosate concentration, the mitotic index decreased rapidly. In conclusion, our findings indicate that used pesticidemay be toxic to living organism.

scholarly journals EFECTOS DEL SORBATO DE POTASIO A DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES y TIEmPO DE ExPOSICIóN SOBRE EL CICLO CELULAR y EL mATERIAL GENÉTICO EN mERISTEmOS RADICULARES DE AllIuM CEPA l. (CEBOLLA)

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Meristems ◽  
Binucleated Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Ciclo Celular

EFECTOS DEL SORBATO DE POTASIO A DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES y TIEmPO DE ExPOSICIóN SOBRE EL CICLO CELULAR y EL mATERIAL GENÉTICO EN mERISTEmOS RADICULARES DE AllIuM CEPA l. (CEBOLLA) EFFECT OF POTASSIUm SORBATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND ExPOSURE TImE ON THE CELL CyCLE AND THE GENETIC mATERIAL IN ROOT mERISTEmS OF AllIuM CEPA l “ONION” Joselyne Quispe, José Saldaña, Tony Verde y Shirley Valderrama Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo,Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0011/ RESUMEN Con el propósito de determinar el efecto del Sorbato de Potasio sobre el ciclo celular en meristemos radiculares de Allium cepa L. “cebolla” se establecieron tres grupos experimentales que se expusieron a las soluciones de Sorbato de Potasio en concentraciones de 0.5, 1 y 2 g/L; por 6, 7 y 8 horas cada una y un grupo control. Luego se realizó la respectiva coloración en Orceína acética al 2% de acuerdo a la técnica de Tjio y Levan, observándose con el microscopio compuesto un total de 1500 células meristemáticas en cada uno de los tratamientos. Los resultados aplicando tratamiento después de 8 horas de exposición a la concentración de 2 g/L mostraron una disminución del índice mitótico de 11.26 %, mientras que se incrementó el índice profásico en 95.57 %. Se produjeron también alteraciones como rupturas cromosómicas, puentes anafásicos y células binucleadas. Las pruebas y análisis de varianza, mostraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes tratamientos, confirmado mediante la prueba de comparación múltiple de promedios de Duncan. Se evidencia un probable efecto genotóxico en el material genético por el Sorbato de Potasio y una alteración en el ciclo celular de los meristemos de A. cepa L.; así mismo, se comprueba la función de biosensor de A. cepa L. en el estudio de sustancias que puedan afectar el ciclo celular. Palabras clave: Allium cepa, Sorbato de Potasio, Índice Mitótico, Alteración del material genético, Puentes anafásicos, Rupturas cromosómicas, Células binucleadas. ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of Potassium Sorbate on the cell cycle in root meristems of Allium cepa L. “onion” set three experimental groups were exposed to solutions of Potassium Sorbate at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2g /l, for 6, 7 and 8 hours each and a control group. Later the respective color in 2% Acetic orcein according to the technique of Tjio and Levan, observed with the compound microscope a total of 1500 meristematic cells in each of the treatments. The appropriate treatment results after 8 hours of exposure to the concentration of 2 g / L showed a decrease in mitotic index of 11.26%, while it increased the rate at 95.57% prophasic index. There were also alterations as chromosome breaks, anaphasic bridges and binucleated cells. The tests and analysis of variance showed significant differences between the different treatments, as confirmed by multiple comparison test of Duncan averages. It shows a probable genotoxic effect in the genetic material by Potassium Sorbate and an alteration in the cell cycle of meristems of A. cepa L., likewise, is found biosensor function of A. cepa L. in the study of substances that may affect the cell cycle. Keywords: Allium cepa, Potassium Sorbate, Mitotic index, Abnormal genetic material, Chromosomal breaks, Anafasic bridges, Binucleated cells.

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