Role of CD4 T lymphocytes in antitumor immunity

2003 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 195-249
Author(s):  
E RAJNAVOLGYI ◽  
A LANYI
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Antitumor Immunity

The Ambiguous Role of γδ T Lymphocytes in Antitumor Immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 668-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guranda Chitadze ◽  
Hans-Heinrich Oberg ◽  
Daniela Wesch ◽  
Dieter Kabelitz
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Antitumor Immunity

PD-L1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1558-1565
Author(s):  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Francesco Massari ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Alessia Cimadamore ◽  
Marina Scarpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Complex Series

The carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) results from a complex series of events. Chronic inflammation and infections are crucial in this context. Infiltrating M2 type macrophages, as well as neutrophils and T lymphocytes, contribute to PCa development, progression and response to therapy. The preliminary findings on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa were not encouraging. However, a series of studies investigating anti-PD-L1 agents such as Atezolizumab, Avelumab and Durvalumab used alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy or locoregional approaches are in course in this tumor. In this review, we illustrate the role of immune cells and PD-L1 expression during PCa carcinogenesis and progression, with a focus on ongoing clinical trials on anti-PD-L1 agents in this context.

scholarly journals Rethinking immune checkpoint blockade: ‘Beyond the T cell’

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Liu ◽  
Graham D Hogg ◽  
David G DeNardo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has highlighted the central role of the immune system in cancer control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reinvigorate anti-cancer immunity and are now the standard of care in a number of malignancies. However, research on immune checkpoint blockade has largely been framed with the central dogma that checkpoint therapies intrinsically target the T cell, triggering the tumoricidal potential of the adaptive immune system. Although T cells undoubtedly remain a critical piece of the story, mounting evidence, reviewed herein, indicates that much of the efficacy of checkpoint therapies may be attributable to the innate immune system. Emerging research suggests that T cell-directed checkpoint antibodies such as anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) can impact innate immunity by both direct and indirect pathways, which may ultimately shape clinical efficacy. However, the mechanisms and impacts of these activities have yet to be fully elucidated, and checkpoint therapies have potentially beneficial and detrimental effects on innate antitumor immunity. Further research into the role of innate subsets during checkpoint blockade may be critical for developing combination therapies to help overcome checkpoint resistance. The potential of checkpoint therapies to amplify innate antitumor immunity represents a promising new field that can be translated into innovative immunotherapies for patients fighting refractory malignancies.

scholarly journals Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anna Signorile ◽  
Anna Ferretta ◽  
Maddalena Ruggieri ◽  
Damiano Paolicelli ◽  
Paolo Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and neurodegenerative chronic disease that involves the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). The pathogenesis involves the loss of blood–brain barrier integrity, resulting in the invasion of lymphocytes into the CNS with consequent tissue damage. The MS etiology is probably a combination of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It has been proposed that T lymphocytes have a main role in the onset and propagation of MS, leading to the inflammation of white matter and myelin sheath destruction. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress exert a role in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis and are involved in the apoptosis resistance of immune cells with the consequent development of autoimmune diseases. The defective apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes in patients with MS, allows these cells to perpetuate, within the CNS, a continuous cycle of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the involvement in MS of cAMP pathway, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and their interaction in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis. In addition, we discuss a series of nutraceutical compounds that could influence these aspects.

scholarly journals Role of antigen, CD8, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) avidity in high dose antigen induction of apoptosis of effector CTL.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Alexander-Miller ◽  
G R Leggatt ◽  
A Sarin ◽  
J A Berzofsky
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Peptide Antigen ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Selection Of

Experimental data suggest that negative selection of thymocytes can occur as a result of supraoptimal antigenic stimulation. It is unknown, however, whether such mechanisms are at work in mature CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here, we show that CD8+ effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are susceptible to proliferative inhibition by high dose peptide antigen, leading to apoptotic death mediated by TNF-alpha release. Such inhibition is not reflected in the cytolytic potential of the CTL, since concentrations of antigen that are inhibitory for proliferation promote efficient lysis of target cells. Thus, although CTL have committed to the apoptotic pathway, the kinetics of this process are such that CTL function can occur before death of the CTL. The concentration of antigen required for inhibition is a function of the CTL avidity, in that concentrations of antigen capable of completely inhibiting high avidity CTL maximally stimulate low avidity CTL. Importantly, the inhibition can be detected in both activated and resting CTL. Blocking studies demonstrate that the CD8 molecule contributes significantly to the inhibitory signal as the addition of anti-CD8 antibody restores the proliferative response. Thus, our data support the model that mature CD8+ CTL can accommodate an activation signal of restricted intensity, which, if surpassed, results in deletion of that cell.

The role of STAT5 in the development, function, and transformation of B and T lymphocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1217 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris ◽  
Mark J. L. Willette ◽  
Kieng B. Vang ◽  
Michael A. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes
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