Titin and Its associated proteins: the third myofilament system of the sarcomere

2005 ◽  
pp. 89-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk L. Granzier ◽  
Siegfried Labeit
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Associated Proteins

Larger nuclei in the larval brain of Drosophila nasutoides often show underreplication, whereas metaphases provide a reliable DNA standard

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Larval Brain ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
The Third ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Regions ◽  
Mother Cells

Specific nuclear regions are highly condensed as heterochromatin during the postembryonic life-span of dipterans. Somatic nuclei are usually endoreplicated to form polyploid sets of chromosomes or polytene elements, or even a mixture of both. Such genomic redundancy presents the possibility that condensation is superimposed by underreplication. From the very early stages, DNA in heterochromatin may be selectively excluded from endoreplication. The result is underrepresentation of heterochromatic sections (both DNA and heterochromatin associated proteins) relative to euchromatin in endoreplicated nuclei. Drosophila nasutoides possesses a novel karyotype in which chromosome 4 contains most or all of the heterochromatin DNA (62% of the genome). This characteristic makes it easy to follow the fate of chromosome 4 during genome multiplication. Larger cells were found adjacent to neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells in the larval brain. Heterochromatin DNA is underrepresented relative to euchromatin in some 60% of these larger nuclei, while DNA in euchromatin selectively undergoes up to five endoreplications. Underreplication begins in the very first endoreplication, more rarely during the second or the third. The resulting relative diminution of chromosome 4 corresponds with the quantity of nuclear DNA absent from other somatic tissues. Some brain nuclei are not underreplicated and carry out only three complete endoreplications at most. However, in a few nuclei heterochromatin DNA is amplified relative to euchromatin in the same cell. These results are based on data for mitotic metaphases from neuroblasts that were found to be reliable as an endogenous 4C DNA standard.Key words: Drosophila nasutoides, differentiation, endoreplication, heterochromatin, microphotometry.

scholarly journals Whole Proteome pI Values Correlate with Subcellular Localizations of Proteins for Organisms within the Three Domains of Life

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-709
Author(s):  
Russell Schwartz ◽  
Claire S. Ting ◽  
Jonathan King
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Sequence Database ◽  
Protein Sequence Database ◽  
The Third ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes ◽  
Selection Of

Isoelectric point (pI) values have long been a standard measure for distinguishing between proteins. This article analyzes distributions of pI values estimated computationally for all predicted ORFs in a selection of fully sequenced genomes. Histograms of pI values confirm the bimodality that has been observed previously for bacterial and archaeal genomes (Van Bogelen et al. 1999) and reveal a trimodality in eukaryotic genomes. A similar analysis on subsets of a nonredundant protein sequence database generated from the full database by selecting on subcellular localization shows that sequences annotated as corresponding to cytosolic and integral membrane proteins have pI distributions that appear to correspond with the two observed modes of bacteria and archaea. Furthermore, nuclear proteins have a broader distribution that may account for the third mode observed in eukaryotes. On the basis of this association between pI and subcellular localization, we conclude that the bimodal character of whole proteome pI values in bacteria and archaea and the trimodal character in eukaryotes are likely to be general properties of proteomes and are associated with the need for different pI values depending on subcellular localization. Our analyses also suggest that the proportions of proteomes consisting of membrane-associated proteins may be currently underestimated.

scholarly journals Changes in major proteins in the embryonic capsule during immobilization (fixation) of the conceptus in the third week of pregnancy in the mare

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Quinn ◽  
M A Hayes ◽  
R O Waelchli ◽  
M W Kennedy ◽  
K J Betteridge
Keyword(s):  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Uterine Lavage

During the third week of pregnancy, the equine conceptus is enclosed within a capsule, the glycan composition of which changes at around day 16 (ovulation = day 0) when the conceptus becomes immobilized (fixed) in the uterine lumen. Our objective was to characterize the process of fixation by identifying changes in major capsule-associated proteins. Individual equine conceptuses (n= 55) were collected transcervically by uterine lavage between days 13.5 and 26.5. Major proteins extracted from capsules were compared with those in fluids from the uterus and yolk sac by SDS–PAGE. Until day 14, a major capsule-associated protein that migrated at ~10 kDa was identified by N-terminal sequencing as equine β2 microglobulin (β2M). During fixation, β2M in the capsule underwent limited proteolysis to an ~8 kDa form lacking nine amino acids from the N terminus, and was subsequently degraded. Expression of β2M mRNA was detected in the yolk-sac wall tissues and endometrium between days 13.5 and 17.5. During this period, β2M in the capsule was evidently not part of a complex with major histocompatibility complex class 1 heavy α chain bands because these were undetectable in the capsule and uterine lavage. Uterocalin (p19) was detected in uterine lavage and capsule throughout fixation, but in yolk-sac fluid only before fixation. These studies indicate that intact β2M is a major protein associated with the embryonic capsule before fixation, after which it undergoes limited proteolysis to a truncated ~8 kDa form that remains in the capsule after the conceptus is immobilized.

scholarly journals Novel Molecular Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Beatrice Cavalluzzo ◽  
Angela Mauriello ◽  
Concetta Ragone ◽  
Carmen Manolio ◽  
Maria Lina Tornesello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Human Protein Atlas ◽  
Associated Proteins

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from cancer globally. Indeed, only a few treatments are available, most of which are effective only for the early stages of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent needing for potential markers for a specifically targeted therapy. Candidate proteins were selected from datasets of The Human Protein Atlas, in order to identify specific tumor-associated proteins overexpressed in HCC samples associated with poor prognosis. Potential epitopes were predicted from such proteins, and homology with peptides derived from viral proteins was assessed. A multiparametric validation was performed, including recognition by PBMCs from HCC-patients and healthy donors, showing a T-cell cross-reactivity with paired epitopes. These results provide novel HCC-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for immunotherapeutic anti-HCC strategies potentially able to expand pre-existing virus-specific CD8+ T cells with superior anticancer efficacy.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

Monte Carlo Algorithms for Moments of Transition Arrays

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
A. Goldberg ◽  
S.D. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
State Vector ◽  
Basis Vector ◽  
Collective State ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithms ◽  
Third Moment ◽  
Very High

AbstractClosed expressions for the first, second, and (in some cases) the third moment of atomic transition arrays now exist. Recently a method has been developed for getting to very high moments (up to the 12th and beyond) in cases where a “collective” state-vector (i.e. a state-vector containing the entire electric dipole strength) can be created from each eigenstate in the parent configuration. Both of these approaches give exact results. Herein we describe astatistical(or Monte Carlo) approach which requires onlyonerepresentative state-vector |RV> for the entire parent manifold to get estimates of transition moments of high order. The representation is achieved through the random amplitudes associated with each basis vector making up |RV>. This also gives rise to the dispersion characterizing the method, which has been applied to a system (in the M shell) with≈250,000 lines where we have calculated up to the 5th moment. It turns out that the dispersion in the moments decreases with the size of the manifold, making its application to very big systems statistically advantageous. A discussion of the method and these dispersion characteristics will be presented.

Photoreceptor disk membrane substructures by means of the complementary freeze-fracture-replica methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
A. Tonosaki ◽  
M. Yamasaki ◽  
H. Washioka ◽  
J. Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
Single Face ◽  
Disk Membrane ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Photoreceptor Membranes

A vertebrate disk membrane is composed of 40 % lipids and 60 % proteins. Its fracture faces have been classed into the plasmic (PF) and exoplasmic faces (EF), complementary with each other, like those of most other types of cell membranes. The hypothesis assuming the PF particles as representing membrane-associated proteins has been challenged by serious questions if they in fact emerge from the crystalline formation or decoration effects during freezing and shadowing processes. This problem seems to be yet unanswered, despite the remarkable case of the purple membrane of Halobacterium, partly because most observations have been made on the replicas from a single face of specimen, and partly because, in the case of photoreceptor membranes, the conformation of a rhodopsin and its relatives remains yet uncertain. The former defect seems to be partially fulfilled with complementary replica methods.

Characterization of microtubules by dark-field STEM and replication

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
S.B. Andrews ◽  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P.E. Gallant ◽  
T.S. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Protein Motors ◽  
Associated Proteins

As part of a study on protein interactions involved in microtubule (MT)-based transport, we used the VG HB501 field-emission STEM to obtain low-dose dark-field mass maps of isolated, taxol-stabilized MTs and correlated these micrographs with detailed stereo images from replicas of the same MTs. This approach promises to be useful for determining how protein motors interact with MTs. MTs prepared from bovine and squid brain tubulin were purified and free from microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These MTs (0.1-1 mg/ml tubulin) were adsorbed to 3-nm evaporated carbon films supported over Formvar nets on 600-m copper grids. Following adsorption, the grids were washed twice in buffer and then in either distilled water or in isotonic or hypotonic ammonium acetate, blotted, and plunge-frozen in ethane/propane cryogen (ca. -185 C). After cryotransfer into the STEM, specimens were freeze-dried and recooled to ca.-160 C for low-dose (<3000 e/nm2) dark-field mapping. The molecular weights per unit length of MT were determined relative to tobacco mosaic virus standards from elastic scattering intensities. Parallel grids were freeze-dried and rotary shadowed with Pt/C at 14°.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document