WATER ACTIVITIES WITH THREE AND FOUR-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN:

Contextualization of the objective: Motor experiences in the liquid or terrestrial environment are part of children's behavior, helping children to master the environment, making them autonomous and self-assured. Objective: To report the experience of six months of intervention with water activities for 21 children, of both sexes, aged between three and four years old in an academy in São Luís. Method: The water activities classes lasted forty minutes, they were held twice a week and the classes had an average of eight to ten children aged three to four years. The class was divided into three moments: setting with the environment and with people, the second moment of displacements with floating material and the third moment there were jumps and dives followed by displacements. After a period of six months of intervention, an observational assessment consisting of eight items, with four sub-items each, was applied. The evaluation was applied during a class and the teachers selected a group of children to make the observations and apply the proposed exercises according to the evaluated item. Results: It was found that all children developed the skills proposed in the assessment items, receiving excellent ratings, with the exception of the item "backstroke legs propulsion" in which seven students, four of which had a good rating, three had a very good result. Final considerations: after six months of intervention, it was noticed that there were positive results in the expansion of learning the contents and refinement of the proposed movements, confirming the hypothesis that, within the proposed period, there were benefits in learning to swim.

Improved Calculation of Load and Resistance Factors Based on Third-Moment Method

Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) is widely used in building codes for reliability design. In the calculation of load and resistance factors, the third-moment method (3M) has been proposed to overcome the shortcomings (e.g., inevitable iterative computation, requirement of probability density functions (PDFs) of random variables) of other methods. With the existing 3M method, the iterative is simplified to one computation, and the PDFs of random variables are not required. In this paper, the computation of load and resistance factors is further simplified to no iterations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method is proved to be higher than the existing 3M methods. Additionally, with the proposed method, the limitations regarding applicable range in the existing 3M methods are avoided. With several examples, the comparison of the existing 3M method, the ASCE method, the Mori method, and the proposed method is given. The results show that the proposed method is accurate, simple, safe, and saves material.

In what sense is the Kantian rabble wild?

When Kant defines the people in Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, he presents the rabble as “the wild multitude”. This article aims to explore what is meant here concretely by “wild”. It starts by investigating the meaning of the word in Kant’s times, before it asks what it means to be a savage in the midst of the civilized people. In a third moment, I explore the links between being unreasonable and being wild, and I argue that the problem of “the wild multitude” is not originally moral, but juridical and epistemic. A last section will explore the relations between ideal peoples with no rabble and empirical peoples with a rabble. I will then conclude over two different viewpoints on a scale going, first, from irrational animals to beings endowed with the capacity of reason and, finally, to rational human beings.

Statistical Characteristics of Turbulence in an Urban Canyon

<p>Parametrizations which traditionally are used in atmospheric modeling, energy-balance and biogeochemical calculations are based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). MOST assumes a uniform horizontal distribution of aerodynamic and temperature roughness of an underlying surface. These conditions are violated in heterogeneous landscapes, what requires special experiments to establish the limits of MOST applicability. Investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulent structure within urban area is an important task. The aim of our work is to establish links between statistical characteristics of turbulence in the urban landscape under different regimes of ABL.</p><p>This paper presents some results of an experiment in which all-season monitoring of the temporal variability and spatial structure of atmospheric turbulence is carried out under conditions close to those of an urban canyon. Measurements are made on the basis of the Geophysical observatory of the Institute of monitoring of climatic and ecological systems SB RAS,Russia, Tomsk. The measurement system includes five sonic anemometers located at different points and heights. This approach makes it possible to estimate the terms of the balance equations of statistical moments and, accordingly, the value of the contribution of horizontal and vertical transport to the formation of turbulent fluxes.</p><p>The possibility of parametrizing the third moment (flux of heat flux) by the type of convective advection for the conditions of an urban canyon has been confirmed. It is experimentally shown that in the inner region of the layer at a height of 10 m this third moment is expressed as the product of the potential temperature flux and the convective advection rate. Near the underlying surface, the third moment is expressed according to the approximation of turbulent diffusion.</p><p>The data processing and analysis was supported by RFBR under grant 20-05-00834, and the experimental work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Project № IX.138.2.3.</p>

DP 0254 - Brazil’s Participation in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: evolution, challenges, and opportunities

Based on a state policy perspective, this paper seeks to present the path of Brazil’s participation in United Nations (UN) peace operations, from its genesis in 1947 to the present day, with the intent to comprehend whether there is a progressive and evolutionary pattern in these engagement efforts, and which would be the main challenges, contributions and future orientations to the country in this matter. To this end, in a first moment, the text will bring a conceptual discussion regarding the different definitions and understandings on peace operations. Subsequently, we will analyze the evolution of UN peace operations throughout its 70 years and the Brazilian positions during this period. In a third moment, we will present final considerations, identifying the upcoming challenges and the main possible perspectives for Brazil to engage in future peace operations. The intention, therefore, is to ascertain whether peacekeeping operations, as an instrument of international politics aligned to the guidelines of Brazilian defense and foreign policies, should continue to be supported by Brazil or if new reorientations are necessary as a national strategy.

Youth in the margin in Morocco: a qualitative approach to the perception of subjectivity and agency politics

This paper seeks to investigate the potentials of youth agency in the margin of society and understand the prospects for social action or “Hirak” as an ongoing sweeping protest wave of a marginalized population. Based on a national qualitative study about youth and marginality in Morocco, this paper will focus on three moments. First, it will examine youth perception, their representation of their subjectivities, and how the realities and experiences of exclusion and “Hogra” manifested in inequalities, injustice, and systematic violence have shaped their beliefs and desire to act. The second moment brings to the fore their apprehension of the hegemonic powers of state institutions and social actors to determine their motivations and initiatives to articulate their actions locally and nationally under conditions of domination. The third moment will shed light on the dynamics of youth agency and the nature of their actions, be it individual or collective, subjective or rational. Similarly, it will also consider the structural limitations impinging on the social, political, cultural life, and gender relations. This paper examines the relationship between youth agency in the margin and the emergence of a new quest for social action “Hirak” in different regions of Morocco and how this might pave the way towards renegotiating the existing social contract between society and state.

Socio-Legal Strategies against a Total Abortion Ban in El Salvador: Alliances in Hostile Contexts

The case of El Salvador provides unique evidence of how solidarity is possible among different social movements in struggles over abortion law reform and its impact, even in contexts of extreme criminalization. The paper depicts a concrete example of how networks centered on abortion struggles can go beyond feminist movements and national borders, and shows the domestic impact of broadening the scope of the audience, the actors involved, and the spheres where abortion law discussions take place. The article focuses on the evolution of socio-legal mobilization regarding abortion in El Salvador over the last two decades. This evolution is presented through three moments: the first centers on the legal actions that feminist movements orchestrated in the mid-2000's around the Beatriz case. The second moment focuses on the most outstanding features of the “Las 17” campaign – a collaborative and international experience that entailed the submission of seventeen pardon petitions on behalf of women who had been convicted of homicide after having miscarriages. Finally, a third moment entails the socio-legal strategies embraced by feminist movements since 2018 within the framework of the campaign named “Las 17+”.

ON ASYMPTOTIC RELATIONS FOR THE CRITICAL GALTON – WATSON PROCESS

Determining the asymptotics of the continuation probability for a Galton–Watson branching process is one of the most important problems in the theory of branching processes. This problem was solved by A.N. Kolmogorov (1938) in the case when the process starts with a single particle, and the classical result is obtained. A similar result for continuous branching processes was proved by B.A. Sevastyanov (1951). The next term in the expansion for continuous branching processes was obtained by V.M. Zolotarev (1957). The next term in the expansion for continuous branching processes in the critical case was obtained by V.P. Chistyakov (1957); the asymptotic expansion in the subcritical case under the condition of finiteness of the k-factorial moment was obtained by R. Mukhamedkhanova (1966). Asymptotic expansions for discrete branching processes in the subcritical and supercritical cases, provided that any m-factorial moment is finite, were obtained by S.V. Nagaev and R. Mukhamedkhanova (1966). In the critical case, the weak convergence of the conditional distribution of the quantity P(Z(n) > 0)Z(n) under the condition Z(n) > 0 to the exponential distribution was proved by A.M. Yaglom (1947) for processes starting with a single particle in the case of finiteness of the third moment of the number of generations. Subsequently, Spitzer, Kesten, and Ney (1966) proved this result under the condition that the second moment is finite. A similar result for branching processes with continuous parameters was established by V.M. Zolotarev (1957). In this paper, we study the asymptotics of the probability of continuation of the critical Galton-Watson process, starting with η particles. In addition, we prove an analogue of Yaglom’s theorem for critical Galton – Watson processes starting with a random number of particles.