Is vitamin K deficiency a risk factor for osteoporosis in Crohn's disease?

Vitamins k is an important fat-soluble vitamin that can be obtained from plants, bacteria and animals and is necessary for the blood clotting. It plays a key function as a cofactor in the synthesizing of blood clotting proteins in the liver; recently, the interest for its functions in extra-hepatic tissue has increased. Vitamin k deficiency is usually caused by abnormal absorption rather than in the lack of vitamin in food. Apart from its impact on clotting, chronic subclinical deficiency of vitamin K maybe a risk factor for many diseases such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, cancer, insulin resistance, neurodegenerative diseases and others, while current food intake guidelines be focused on the daily dose necessary to avoid blood loss. Several researchers found out that vitamin K needs may be substantially higher for certain health functions.

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Diversity of Gut Microbiota Affecting Serum Level of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1541 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kohei Wagatsuma ◽

Satoshi Yamada ◽

Misora Ao ◽

Minoru Matsuura ◽

Hidemi Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽

Vitamin K Deficiency ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

K Deficiency ◽

Polymerase Chain

Several reports have indicated a possible link between decreasing plasma levels of vitamin K and bone mineral density. It has been suggested that intestinal bacteria contribute to maintenance of vitamin K. Several factors are involved in the reduction of vitamin K in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and alternative indicators of vitamin K deficiency in patients with CD. We collected the feces of 26 patients with clinically inactive CD. We extracted 16S rRNA from the intestinal bacteria in the feces and amplified it by polymerase chain reaction. The generated polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed using a 16S metagenomic approach by Illumina Miseq platform. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration was used as an alternative indicator of vitamin K deficiency. There was a significant negative correlation between serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and mean Chao1 index in cases of low activity. The diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower, and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased in the vitamin K-deficient group in comparison to the vitamin K-normal group. Taken together, these data suggested the significance of investigating the gut microbiota even in patients with clinically inactive CD for improving patients’ vitamin K status.

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Placental Transfer of Vitamin K1 and Its Implications in Fetal Hemostasis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647631 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 60 (01) ◽

pp. 039-043 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

L Mandelbrot ◽

M Guillaumont ◽

M Leclercq ◽

J J Lefrère ◽

D Gozin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

High Performance ◽

Ultrasound Guidance ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

Vitamin K Deficiency ◽

Prothrombin Activity ◽

Oral Supplementation ◽

K Deficiency ◽

The Mean

SummaryVitamin K status was evaluated using coagulation studies and/ or vitamin IQ assays in a total of 53 normal fetuses and 47 neonates. Second trimester fetal blood samples were obtained for prenatal diagnosis under ultrasound guidance. Endogenous vitamin K1 concentrations (determined by high performance liquid chromatography) were substantially lower than maternal levels. The mean maternal-fetal gradient was 14-fold at mid trimester and 18-fold at birth. Despite low vitamin K levels, descarboxy prothrombin, detected by a staphylocoagulase assay, was elevated in only a single fetus and a single neonate.After maternal oral supplementation with vitamin K1, cord vitamin K1 levels were boosted 30-fold at mid trimester and 60 fold at term, demonstrating placental transfer. However, these levels were substantially lower than corresponding supplemented maternal levels. Despite elevated vitamin K1 concentrations, supplemented fetuses and neonates showed no increase in total or coagulant prothrombin activity. These results suggest that the low prothrombin levels found during intrauterine life are not due to vitamin K deficiency.

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Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction of Blood-Clotting Enzymes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651250 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 20 (01/02) ◽

pp. 078-087 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

H. C Hemker ◽

A. D Muller

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

Blood Clotting ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Factor X ◽

Clotting Factors ◽

Vitamin K Deficiency ◽

K Deficiency

SummaryPIVKA, the circulating anticoagulant protein found in vitamin K deficiency can, on kinetical grounds, be recognized as an analogue of factor X. The existence of analogues of other vitamin K-dependent clotting factors cannot be ruled out, but need not be assumed to explain the experimental results.

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