Risk of extensive virological failure to the three original antiretroviral drug classes over long-term follow-up from the start of therapy in patients with HIV infection: an observational cohort study

ObjectivesTo report findings on brain MRI and neurocognitive function, as well as persisting fatigue at long-term follow-up after COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients identified as high risk for affection of the central nervous system.DesignAmbidirectional observational cohort study.SettingAll 734 patients from a regional population in Sweden with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to hospital during the period 1 March to 31 May 2020.ParticipantsA subgroup (n=185) with persisting symptoms still interfering with daily life at a telephone follow-up 4 months after discharge were invited for a medical and neuropsychological evaluation. Thirty-five of those who were assessed with a neurocognitive test battery at the clinical visit, and presented a clinical picture concerning for COVID-19-related brain pathology, were further investigated by brain MRI.Main outcome measuresFindings on brain MRI, neurocognitive test results and reported fatigue.ResultsTwenty-five patients (71%) had abnormalities on MRI; multiple white matter lesions were the most common finding. Sixteen patients (46%) demonstrated impaired neurocognitive function, of which 10 (29%) had severe impairment. Twenty-six patients (74%) reported clinically significant fatigue. Patients with abnormalities on MRI had a lower Visuospatial Index (p=0.031) compared with the group with normal MRI findings.ConclusionsIn this group of patients selected to undergo MRI after a clinical evaluation, a majority of patients had abnormal MRI and/or neurocognitive test results. Abnormal findings were not restricted to patients with severe disease.

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Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts clinical response to CRT: a long-term follow-up single center prospective observational cohort study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5089 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. P5089-P5089

Author(s):

C. Prinz ◽

R. Lehmann ◽

D. Brandao Da Silva ◽

T. Bitter ◽

F. Van Buuren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony ◽

Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽

Single Center ◽

Ventricular Dyssynchrony ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Observational Cohort

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Long-term follow-up for Psychological stRess in Intensive CarE (PRICE) survivors: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study in Australian intensive care units

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e023310

Author(s):

Sumeet Rai ◽

Rhonda Brown ◽

Frank van Haren ◽

Teresa Neeman ◽

Arvind Rajamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Family Members ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽

Observational Cohort

IntroductionThere are little published data on the long-term psychological outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their family members in Australian ICUs. In addition, there is scant literature evaluating the effects of psychological morbidity in intensive care survivors on their family members. The aims of this study are to describe and compare the long-term psychological outcomes of intubated and non-intubated ICU survivors and their family members in an Australian ICU setting.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective observational cohort study across four ICUs in Australia. The study aims to recruit 150 (75 intubated and 75 non-intubated) adult ICU survivors and 150 family members of the survivors from 2015 to 2018. Long-term psychological outcomes and effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be evaluated at 3 and 12 months follow-up using validated and published screening tools. The primary objective is to compare the prevalence of affective symptoms in intubated and non-intubated survivors of intensive care and their families and its effects on HRQoL. The secondary objective is to explore dyadic relations of psychological outcomes in patients and their family members.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the relevant human research ethics committees (HREC) of Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Health (ETH.11.14.315), New South Wales (HREC/16/HNE/64), South Australia (HREC/15/RAH/346). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented to the local intensive care community and other stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000880549; Pre-results.

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Prospective observational cohort study of early recurrent TIA

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000010317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. e1733-e1744

Author(s):

Matteo Foschi ◽

Lucia Pavolucci ◽

Francesca Rondelli ◽

Luca Spinardi ◽

Elisabetta Favaretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Large Artery ◽

Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Observational Cohort

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency, clinical and etiologic features, and short- and long-term outcomes of early recurrent TIA.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study enrolled all consecutive patients with TIA referred to our emergency department and diagnosed by a vascular neurologist. Expedited assessment and best secondary prevention were performed within 24 hours. Primary endpoints were stroke and a composite outcome including stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and vascular death at 3, 12, and, for a subset of patients, 60 months; secondary outcomes were TIA relapse, cerebral hemorrhage, new-onset atrial fibrillation, and death resulting from other causes. Concordance between index TIA and subsequent stroke etiologies was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 1,035 patients (822 with a single TIA, 213 with recurrent TIA = 21%) were enrolled from August 2010 to December 2017. Capsular warning syndrome and large artery atherosclerosis showed the strongest relationship with early recurrent TIA. The risk of stroke was significantly higher in the early recurrent TIA subgroup at each follow-up, and most stroke episodes occurred within 48 hours of index TIA. TIAs with lesion, dysarthria, and leukoaraiosis were the 3- and 12-month independent predictors of stroke incidence after early recurrent TIA subgroup. Index TIA and subsequent stroke etiologies showed substantial concordance. An ABCD3 score >6 predicted a higher risk of stroke recurrence over the entire follow-up.ConclusionsOur study evaluated long-term outcome after early recurrent TIA. Our observations support the importance of promptly detecting and treating patients with early recurrent TIAs to reduce the high early and long-term risk of poor clinical outcomes.

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Higher long-term cardiovascular morbidity after open surgery for intermittent claudication caused by infrainguinal atherosclerotic disease in patients with diabetes – a nationwide observational cohort study

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000929 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ardwan Dakhel ◽

Moncef Zarrouk ◽

Jan Ekelund ◽

Stefan Acosta ◽

Mervete Miftaraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Major Amputation ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Observational Cohort

Summary: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Indications for open surgery in infrainguinal intermittent claudication (IC) are limited, and reports are lacking regarding outcomes in DM patients. Study aims were to compare short and long-term effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, major amputation, and mortality after infrainguinal open surgery for IC in patients with and without DM, and to evaluate relationships between glycaemic control and outcomes. Methods: Nationwide observational cohort study of all patients registered in the Swedish Vascular Registry after planned infrainguinal open surgery for IC from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014. Patients registered in the National Diabetes Registry were compared with patients without diabetes by propensity score adjusted comparison of MACE, AMI, stroke, major amputation, and mortality. Results: After 30 days, there were no differences in MACE, AMI, stroke, major amputation, or mortality between patients with (n = 323, mean age 70.5 [SD 7.4] years, 92 [28.5%] females) and without (n = 679, mean age 69.7 years [SD 11.2], 234 [34.5%] females) DM. At last follow-up after median 5.2 years, patients with DM showed higher rates of MACE (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.33, confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.62; p < 0.01), and AMI (HR 2.21, CI 1.46–3.35; p < 0.01) than patients without diabetes. Among DM patients, higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was associated with higher rates of MACE (HR 1.02, CI 1.00–1.03; p = 0.02), stroke (HR 1.05, CI 1.00–1.11; p = 0.04), and total mortality (HR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.06; p < 0.01), during follow-up, whereas duration of diabetes was associated with higher rate of major amputation (HR 1.08, CI 1.02–1.15; p < 0.01). Conclusions: DM patients showed higher rates of MACE and AMI in propensity score adjusted analysis five years after planned infrainguinal open surgery for IC. Higher HbA1c was associated with MACE, stroke, and total mortality in patients with DM, whereas longer duration of DM was associated with major amputation.

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