Long-term mortality risk in mothers of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome: an international cohort study in England and Canada

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of AIDS-defining events (ADE) on long-term mortality of HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a retrospective HIV/AIDS treatment cohort study was performed in southwestern China. Methods The cohort was established based on HIV/AIDS patients on ART recruited in Guigang city, Guangxi, China, from January 2004 to December 2018. Participants were divided into ADE and non-ADE groups, and were followed-up every six months to observe treatment outcomes. Comparison of mortality between groups was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the risk factors of mortality. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounding factors and adjust the mortality risk. Results Of 6,757 participants with 29,096.06 person-years of follow-up, 16.86% (1,139/6,757) belonged to ADE group while the others (83.14%) belonged to the non-ADE group. The most common cause of death by ADE was disseminated mycosis (31.65%), followed by recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia (28.48%), herpes zoster(17.72%), and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (8.86%). The mortality of the ADE group was significantly higher than that of the non-ADE group [3.45/100 person-years (95% CI: 2.92-3.97) vs. 2.34/100 person-years (95%CI: 2.15-2.52), P<0.001]. The death risk of the ADE group was also higher than that of the non- ADE group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =1.291, 95% CI: 1.061-1.571, P =0.011], which was confirmed by PSM analysis (aHR=1.581, 95% CI: 1.192-2.099, P =0.002). Cox analysis indicated that ADE, older age, male gender, previous non-use of cotrimoxazole, advanced WHO clinical stage, and low baseline CD4+ cell count were the risk factors for death. Conclusions Even on ART, the mortality risk of HIV positive individuals with ADE was higher than those without ADE. Active testing, earlier diagnosis, and timely therapy with ART may reduce the death risk of ADE.

Download Full-text

Chronic osteomyelitis increases long-term mortality risk in the elderly: a nationwide population-based cohort study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-016-0248-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chien-Cheng Huang ◽

Kang-Ting Tsai ◽

Shih-Feng Weng ◽

Hung-Jung Lin ◽

Hung-Sheng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Long Term Mortality

Download Full-text

Long-term Mortality Risk After Hyperglycemic Crisis Episodes in Geriatric Patients With Diabetes: A National Population-Based Cohort Study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc14-1840 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 746-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Chien-Cheng Huang ◽

Shih-Feng Weng ◽

Kang-Ting Tsai ◽

Ping-Jen Chen ◽

Hung-Jung Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

Population Based ◽

National Population ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Long Term Mortality

Download Full-text

Perceived social support at different times after myocardial infarction and long-term mortality risk: a prospective cohort study

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.03.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 424-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Netanela Weiss-Faratci ◽

Ido Lurie ◽

Yehuda Neumark ◽

Maureen Malowany ◽

Gali Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Social Support ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Long Term Mortality

Download Full-text

Prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in the first decades of life: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark and Sweden

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171600266x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 389-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. Yu ◽

S. Cnattingius ◽

J. Olsen ◽

E. T. Parner ◽

M. Vestergaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Close Relative ◽

Mortality Rate Ratio ◽

Long Term Mortality

BackgroundThe loss of a close relative is one of the most stressful life events. In pregnancy, this experience has been associated with a higher risk of fetal death and under-five mortality, but little is known about potential effects on long-term mortality in offspring. We examined the association between prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in a cohort of 5.3 million children followed until up to 37 years of age.MethodThe population-based cohort study included 5 253 508 live singleton births in Denmark (1973–2004) and Sweden (1973–2006). Children born to mothers who lost a child, spouse, sibling, or parent during or 1 year before pregnancy were categorized as exposed.ResultsPrenatal maternal bereavement was associated with a 10% increased all-cause mortality risk in offspring [mortality rate ratio (MRR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.18]. The association was the most pronounced for children of mothers who lost a child/spouse (MRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.44) and was stronger during the first 10 years of life. Prenatal maternal bereavement may have stronger effects on natural causes of death in offspring, including infectious/parasitic disease (MRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.23), endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (MRR 3.23, 95% CI 2.02–5.17), diseases of nervous system (MRR 3.36, 95% CI 2.47–4.58), and congenital malformations (MRR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08–1.80). No excess mortality risk in offspring was observed for unnatural causes of death.ConclusionPrenatal maternal bereavement was associated with an increased long-term mortality risk in offspring, particularly for selected natural causes of diseases and medical conditions. Our results support the fetal programming hypothesis that prenatal stress may contribute to ill health from physical diseases later in life.

Download Full-text

Effect of AIDS-defining events at initiation of antiretroviral therapy on long-term mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in Southwestern China: a retrospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19533/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yunxuan Huang ◽

Oulu Zhou ◽

Zhigang Zheng ◽

Yuexiang Xu ◽

Yi Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Death Risk ◽

Long Term Mortality ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of AIDS-defining events (ADE) on long-term mortality of HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a retrospective HIV/AIDS treatment cohort study performed in Southwestern China. Methods: The retrospective cohort was conducted among 6757 HIV/AIDS patients on ART (2NRTIs+1NNRTI, 2NRTIs+1PI and Single or two drugs) recruited in Guigang city, Guangxi, China, from January 2004 to December 2018. Participants were divided into ADE and non-ADE groups, and were followed-up every six months to observe treatment outcomes. Comparison of mortality between groups was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the risk factors of mortality. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounding factors and adjust the mortality risk. Results: Of 6,757 participants with 29,096.06 person-years of follow-up, 16.86% (1,139/6,757) belonged to ADE group while the others (83.14%) belonged to the non-ADE group. The most common cause of death by ADE was disseminated mycosis (31.65%), followed by recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia (28.48%), herpes zoster (17.72%), and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (8.86%). The mortality of the ADE group was significantly higher than that of the non-ADE group [3.45/100 person-years (95% CI: 2.92-3.97) vs. 2.34/100 person-years (95%CI: 2.15-2.52), P＜0.001]. The death risk of the ADE group was also higher than that of the non- ADE group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =1.291, 95% CI: 1.061-1.571, P=0.011], which was confirmed by PSM analysis (aHR=1.581, 95% CI: 1.192-2.099, P=0.002). Cox analysis indicated that ADE, older age, male gender, previous non-use of cotrimoxazole, advanced WHO clinical stage, and low baseline CD4+ cell count were the risk factors for death. Conclusions: Even on ART, the mortality risk of HIV positive individuals with ADE was higher than those without ADE. Active testing, earlier diagnosis, and timely therapy with ART may reduce the death risk of ADE.

Download Full-text