Power requirement of swimming in chinook salmon and Atlantic salmon and implications for food conversion and growth performance

Most fish farmers in Malawi culture unimproved fish strains whose growth is slow and mature while still small. Four strains of Oreochromis, namely; selectively-bred/improved O. shiranus (F8), two reciprocal F1 Oreochromis hybrids, and O. karongae as a control (mean weight 2.5 ± 0.7 g) were stocked at a density of 5fish/m2 in 9m2 hapas replicated three times, and cultured for 90 days at Bunda Fish Farm. Fish were fed twice a day with feed formulated using maize bran and soybean containing 30% crude protein throughout the experimental period. The final mean weights were significantly different (p<0.05) across the treatments whereby; hybrid O. shiranus (male) X O. karongae (female) was 12.09g, hybrid O. shiranus (female) X O. karongae (male) was 9.72g, improved O. shiranus (F8) registered 9.23g, and O. karongae was the least with 9.00g. Apparent food conversion ratio was also statistically different (p<0.05) across the treatments whereby; O. karongae was 3.63, hybrid O. shiranus (female) X O. karongae (male) was 3.25, improved O. shiranus (F8) was 3.16 and hybrid O. shiranus (male) X O. karongae (female) was lowest with 2.26. There were no significant differences on the water quality parameters across the treatments throughout the experimental period and were within the required ranges for growth and survival of tilapias fish species. The results suggest that Oreochromis hybrids may be suitable candidates for aquaculture in terms of production as they performed better than the improved O. shiranus and the control O. karongae.

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Antioxidant vitamins, minerals and lipid levels in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.): effects on growth performance and fillet quality

Aquaculture Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2095.2003.00288.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 113-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

K. Hamre ◽

R. Christiansen ◽

R. Waagbo ◽

A. Maage ◽

B.E. Torstensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Fillet Quality

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Salmon lice evasion, susceptibility, retention, and development differ amongst host salmonid species

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsx222 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 1071-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samantha Bui ◽

Elina Halttunen ◽

Agnes M Mohn ◽

Tone Vågseth ◽

Frode Oppedal

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Parasite Development ◽

Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽

Sea Trout ◽

Salmon Lice ◽

Salmonid Species ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Temporal Overlap

Abstract With different ecological characteristics amongst salmonid species, their response to parasitic infestation is likely to vary according to their spatial and temporal overlap with the parasite. This study investigated the host–parasite interactions amongst three species of salmonids and the ectoparasitic salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. To determine any variation in infestation parameters amongst salmonids, single population groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha), and previously-infested and naïve sea trout (Salmo trutta) were exposed to a controlled infestation challenge. We found that chinook salmon and both sea trout groups were more susceptible to acquiring lice than Atlantic salmon. Behavioural responses during infestation were more pronounced in Atlantic and chinook salmon. Parasite development was similar in lice attached to Atlantic salmon and sea trout, but hindered on chinook salmon. At 16 days post-infestation, chinook salmon had reduced lice loads to the same level as Atlantic salmon, whilst sea trout retained their lice. These results demonstrate differences in interactions with L. salmonis amongst these species, and highlight the vulnerability of sea trout to infestation.

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Efficient genome editing in multiple salmonid cell lines using ribonucleoprotein complexes

10.1101/2020.04.03.022038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Remi L. Gratacap ◽

Ye Hwa Jin ◽

Marina Mantsopoulou ◽

Ross D. Houston

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Model Systems ◽

Fish Cell ◽

Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽

Salmonid Species

AbstractInfectious and parasitic diseases have major negative economic and animal welfare impacts on aquaculture of salmonid species. Improved knowledge of the functional basis of host response and genetic resistance to these diseases is key to developing preventative and treatment options. Cell lines provide a valuable model to study infectious diseases in salmonids, and genome editing using CRISPR provides an exciting avenue to evaluate the function of specific genes in those systems. While CRISPR/Cas9 has been successfully performed in a Chinook salmon cell line (CHSE-214), there are no reports to date of editing of cell lines derived from the most commercially relevant salmonid species Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, which are difficult to transduce and therefore edit using lentivirus-mediated methods. In the current study, a method of genome editing of salmonid cell lines using ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes was optimised and tested in the most commonly-used salmonid fish cell lines; Atlantic salmon (SHK-1 and ASK cell lines), rainbow trout (RTG-2) and Chinook salmon (CHSE-214). Electroporation of RNP based on either Cas9 or Cas12a was efficient at targeted editing of all the tested lines (typically > 90 % cells edited), and the choice of enzyme expands the number of potential target sites for editing within the genomes of these species. These optimised protocols will facilitate functional genetic studies in salmonid cell lines, which are widely used as model systems for infectious diseases in aquaculture.

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