T cell epitopes within the CDR3 region of α(1→3) dextran (Dex)-specific IgG antibodies restrict the variability of the immune responses to this “thymus-independent” antigen through an idiotype-specific cognate interaction between T and B cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
A Clemens
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Cdr3 Region ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

scholarly journals Rotavirus-specific IgG Antibodies From Mothers’ Serum May Inhibit Infant Immune Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Becker-Dreps ◽  
Samuel Vilchez ◽  
Daniel Velasquez ◽  
Sung-Sil Moon ◽  
Michael G. Hudgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

scholarly journals Evaluation of Food Specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Guided Exclusion Diet in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Hulya Uzunismail
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Exclusion Diet ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

From the beginning of this century, symptomatic improvements in different disorders with food specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-guided exclusion diet have been reported. Most of them belong to gastrointestinal tract such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although this diet has given a chance of symptomatic improvement as the main treatment in IBS or adjuvant therapy in IBD, it is still a matter of debate. Presence of food specific IgG antibodies also in healthy individuals and the use of IgG4 antibodies, known as protective antibodies against excessive immune responses in some of these studies are the main causes of these controversies. Additionally, there is no definite nomenclature for the reaction mediated by food specific IgG antibodies, the name of food intolerance is often used and it makes confusion by evoking non-immune adverse food reactions. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of these improvements have not been fully elucidated yet. Removal of foods that cause intensive immune responses or non-IgE-mediated allergic reactions or increased mast cell activation through IgG-food antigen complexes are among the suggested mechanisms. The effectiveness of this diet, opposing views and possible mechanisms to explain symptomatic improvements are focused in this manuscript

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induced Atypical Immune Responses in Antibody Defects: Everybody Does their Best

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Fernandez Salinas ◽  
Eva Piano Mortari ◽  
Sara Terreri ◽  
Concetta Quintarelli ◽  
Federica Pulvirenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Immune Deficiencies ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background Data on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies (PAD) are limited to infected patients and to heterogeneous cohorts after immunization. Methods Forty-one patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiencies (CVID), six patients with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and 28 healthy age-matched controls (HD) were analyzed for anti-Spike and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody production, generation of Spike-specific memory B-cells, and Spike-specific T-cells before vaccination and one week after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Results The vaccine induced Spike-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in all HD and in 20% of SARS-CoV-2 naive CVID patients. Anti-Spike IgG were detectable before vaccination in 4 out 7 CVID previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and were boosted in six out of seven patients by the subsequent immunization raising higher levels than patients naïve to infection. While HD generated Spike-specific memory B-cells, and RBD-specific B-cells, CVID generated Spike-specific atypical B-cells, while RBD-specific B-cells were undetectable in all patients, indicating the incapability to generate this new specificity. Specific T-cell responses were evident in all HD and defective in 30% of CVID. All but one patient with XLA responded by specific T-cell only. Conclusion In PAD patients, early atypical immune responses after BNT162b2 immunization occurred, possibly by extra-follicular or incomplete germinal center reactions. If these responses to vaccination might result in a partial protection from infection or reinfection is now unknown. Our data suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection more effectively primes the immune response than the immunization alone, possibly suggesting the need for a third vaccine dose for patients not previously infected.

scholarly journals Long-term Coexistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with Antibody Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xianggen Kong ◽  
Jin Geng ◽  
Di Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 has spread worldwide. Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be determined. Here, 26 cases of COVID-19 in Jinan, China, were examined and shown to be mild or with common clinical symptoms and no cases of severe symptoms were found among these patients. A striking feature of some patients is that SARS-CoV-2 could exist in patients who have virus-specific IgG antibodies for a very long period, with two cases for up to 50 days. One COVID-19 patient who did not produce any SARS-CoV-2-bound IgG successfully cleared SARS-CoV-2 after 46 days of illness, revealing that without antibody-mediated adaptive immunity, innate immunity may still be powerful enough to eliminate SARS-CoV-2. Overall, this report may provide a basis for further analysis of both innate and adaptive immunity in SARS-CoV-2 clearance, especially in non-severe cases. This study also has implications for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alex Cronkite ◽  
Tara M. Strutt
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Past Experiences

Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it has become clear that some innate immune cells are epigenetically reprogrammed or “imprinted” by past experiences. These “trained” innate immune cells display altered inflammatory responses upon subsequent pathogen encounter. Remembrance of past pathogen encounters has classically been attributed to cohorts of antigen-specific memory T and B cells following the resolution of infection. During recall responses, memory T and B cells quickly respond by proliferating, producing effector cytokines, and performing various effector functions. An often-overlooked effector function of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells is the promotion of an inflammatory milieu at the initial site of infection that mirrors the primary encounter. This memory-conditioned inflammatory response, in conjunction with other secondary effector T cell functions, results in better control and more rapid resolution of both infection and the associated tissue pathology. Recent advancements in our understanding of inflammatory triggers, imprinting of the innate immune responses, and the role of T cell memory in regulating inflammation are discussed.

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