scholarly journals Consensus for the General Use of Equine Water Treadmills for Healthy Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Kathryn Nankervis ◽  
Carolyne Tranquille ◽  
Persephone McCrae ◽  
Jessica York ◽  
Morgan Lashley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Belt Speed ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Water Treadmill ◽  
Selection Of

Water treadmill exercise has become popular in recent years for the training and rehabilitation of equine athletes. In 2019, an equine hydrotherapy working group was formed to establish what was commonly considered to be best practice in the use of the modality. This article describes the process by which general guidelines for the application of water treadmill exercise in training and rehabilitation programmes were produced by the working group. The guidelines describe the consensus reached to date on (1) the potential benefits of water treadmill exercise, (2) general good practice in water treadmill exercise, (3) introduction of horses to the exercise, (4) factors influencing selection of belt speed, water depth and duration of exercise, and (5) monitoring movement on the water treadmill. The long-term goal is to reach a consensus on the optimal use of the modality within a training or rehabilitation programme. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers and experienced users is needed to develop research programmes and further guidelines regarding the most appropriate application of the modality for specific veterinary conditions.

scholarly journals Developmental perspectives on personality: implications for ecological and evolutionary studies of individual differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1560) ◽  
pp. 4029-4041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Stamps ◽  
Ton G. G. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Research Programmes

Developmental processes can have major impacts on the correlations in behaviour across contexts (contextual generality) and across time (temporal consistency) that are the hallmarks of animal personality. Personality can and does change: at any given age or life stage it is contingent upon a wide range of experiential factors that occurred earlier in life, from prior to conception through adulthood. We show how developmental reaction norms that describe the effects of prior experience on a given behaviour can be used to determine whether the effects of a given experience at a given age will affect contextual generality at a later age, and to illustrate how variation within individuals in developmental plasticity leads to variation in contextual generality across individuals as a function of experience. We also show why niche-picking and niche-construction, behavioural processes which allow individuals to affect their own developmental environment, can affect the contextual generality and the temporal consistency of personality. We conclude by discussing how an appreciation of developmental processes can alert behavioural ecologists studying animal personality to critical, untested assumptions that underlie their own research programmes, and outline situations in which a developmental perspective can improve studies of the functional significance and evolution of animal personality.

Integrating molecular and morphological approaches for characterizing parasite cryptic species: implications for parasitology

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (13) ◽  
pp. 1688-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN A. NADLER ◽  
GERARDO PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Methodological Considerations

SUMMARYHerein we review theoretical and methodological considerations important for finding and delimiting cryptic species of parasites (species that are difficult to recognize using traditional systematic methods). Applications of molecular data in empirical investigations of cryptic species are discussed from an historical perspective, and we evaluate advantages and disadvantages of approaches that have been used to date. Developments concerning the theory and practice of species delimitation are emphasized because theory is critical to interpretation of data. The advantages and disadvantages of different molecular methodologies, including the number and kind of loci, are discussed relative to tree-based approaches for detecting and delimiting cryptic species. We conclude by discussing some implications that cryptic species have for research programmes in parasitology, emphasizing that careful attention to the theory and operational practices involved in finding, delimiting, and describing new species (including cryptic species) is essential, not only for fully characterizing parasite biodiversity and broader aspects of comparative biology such as systematics, evolution, ecology and biogeography, but to applied research efforts that strive to improve development and understanding of epidemiology, diagnostics, control and potential eradication of parasitic diseases.

Ice studies of the Canadian Geographical Branch

Polar Record ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 10 (65) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Programmes

The Geographical Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys was created in 1947, and in the 12 years of its existence has conducted original research in many branches of Geography;1.2among these research programmes has been an extensive project for the study of land and sea ice.

About realization of the first stage of development of the fundamental problem “Folk music of Halychyna and Volodymyria”: innovative activity of the Research Scientific Laboratory of Musical Ethnology 1990s–early 2000s.

Ethnomusic ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-46
Author(s):  
Lina Dobrianska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Data Archives ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Scientific Laboratory

The article considers versatile ethnomusicographic activities of the Research Scientific Laboratory of Music Ethnology (RSLME) in initial period of its activity (1990–2004) under the direction of Bohdan Lukaniuk. A brief historical outline of the ethnomusicological studies of the Lviv Conservatory has been submitted, the chronology of educational reform in pedagogy and scientific ethnomusicological studies of higher education has been presented, which resulted in the establishment of a new scientific institution, the Scientific-Researching Laboratory of Music Ethnography, on the basis of the Office of Folk Music as early as 1990’s. The main innovations introduced by B. Lukaniuk in the etnomusicology and education were outlined. PSRLME in cooperation with Music Folklore Department of the Mykola Lysenko Lviv High Music School has rapidly developed into a trusted ethnomusicological institution well established in Ukraine and abroad. The main innovations were: carefull planning of all activities of the Laboratory as an integral part of the project “Folk music of Galicia and Volodymyria”; the methodological and practical reform of musical education; establishment of an careful field research and archiving strategy as integral part of historical and ethnomusicological research programmes of the Western Ukraine ethnomusicological areals; a reform of Ethnomusicographic data archive: careful planning of field research programmes, establishments of new funds and collections, systematic archiving of current & historical records, etc. The results of the initial period of the activities of PSRLME in the field of musical and ethnographic data archives are summarized, including the historical timeline of the implementation of as much as two dozen research programs and sub-programs which were then initially established, and a series of indicators has been created to provide historical timeline reference. The article is prepared on the basis of the data archives of documentation and printed sources. Tags: music folklore, ethnomusicology historical records, etnomusicological data archives, archiving data strategies, Bohdan Lukaniuk, PSRLME.

Concept Development in Sociology: A Comment on Steve Fuller's, ‘Will Sociology find some New Concepts before the US finds Osama bin Laden?’

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Stephen Vertigans ◽  
Philip Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Concept Development ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Good Advice ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Osama Bin Laden

An interesting issue is raised by Steve Fuller's ‘Will Sociology Find Some New Concepts’ in the previous issue of this journal. This is the extent to which the research programmes of sociologists are or should be influenced by particular, significant events. If this is a call for scientific open-mindedness in the interpretation of violent forms of terrorism and their causes, then it is good advice for us all. However, there is a danger that the interpretation of ‘significance’ will be shaped by the specific reception of events in the relatively rich nations, thus paradoxically tying sociological work to the vagaries of contemporary politics in similar ways to some of those contributions that Fuller rightly criticises. The main issue here we suggest, is not that of failing to see that real world events can confound our expectations, but of understanding and explaining events of many different kinds within ongoing research programmes, as this is what constitutes the real value of the sociological contribution to knowledge.

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