real value
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Author(s):  
Cristina Romero-González ◽  
Ismael García-Varea ◽  
Jesus Martínez-Gómez

AbstractMany of the research problems in robot vision involve the detection of keypoints, areas with salient information in the input images and the generation of local descriptors, that encode relevant information for such keypoints. Computer vision solutions have recently relied on Deep Learning techniques, which make extensive use of the computational capabilities available. In autonomous robots, these capabilities are usually limited and, consequently, images cannot be processed adequately. For this reason, some robot vision tasks still benefit from a more classic approach based on keypoint detectors and local descriptors. In 2D images, the use of binary representations for visual tasks has shown that, with lower computational requirements, they can obtain a performance comparable to classic real-value techniques. However, these achievements have not been fully translated to 3D images, where research is mainly focused on real-value approaches. Thus, in this paper, we propose a keypoint detector and local descriptor based on 3D binary patterns. The experimentation demonstrates that our proposal is competitive against state-of-the-art techniques, while its processing can be performed more efficiently.


Significance Traditionally, a balanced portfolio mix of 60% stocks against 40% bonds and cash offered investors some protection against inflation. However, recent periods when equities and bonds have fallen in tandem have encouraged investors to assess other assets' resilience to inflation. Impacts Demand for different inflation hedges will vary according to investors’ timeframes and risk tolerances. While rising inflation can affect the purchasing power of assets, an offsetting positive is that it can also reduce the real value of debt. If inflation eases faster than expected this year, demand for inflation hedges will fall.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S Waples

1. The Wright-Fisher model, which directs how matings occur and how genes are transmitted across generations, has long been a lynchpin of evolutionary biology. This model is elegantly simple, analytically tractable, and easy to implement, but it has one serious limitation: essentially no real species satisfies its many assumptions. With growing awareness of the importance of jointly considering both ecology and evolution in eco-evolutionary models, this limitation has become more apparent, causing many researchers to search for more realistic simulation models. 2. A recently described variation retains most of the Wright-Fisher simplicity but provides greater flexibility to accommodate departures from model assumptions. This generalized Wright-Fisher model relaxes the assumption that all individuals have identical expected reproductive success by introducing a vector of parental weights w that specifies relative probabilities different individuals have of producing offspring. With parental weights specified this way, expectations of key demographic parameters are simple functions of w. This allows researchers to quantitatively predict the consequences of non-Wright-Fisher features incorporated into their models. 3. An important limitation of the Wright-Fisher model is that it assumes discrete generations, whereas most real species are age-structured. Here I show how an algorithm (THEWEIGHT) that implements the generalized Wright-Fisher model can be used to model evolution in age-structured populations with overlapping generations. Worked examples illustrate simulation of seasonal and lifetime reproductive success and show how the user can pick vectors of weights expected to produce a desired level of reproductive skew or a desired Ne/N ratio. Alternatively, weights can be associated with heritable traits to provide a simple, quantitative way to model natural selection. Using THEWEIGHT, it is easy to generate positive or negative correlations of individual reproductive success over time, thus allowing explicit modeling of common biological processes like skip breeding and persistent individual differences. 4. R code is provided to implement basic features of THEWEIGHT and applications described here. However, required coding changes to the Wright-Fisher model are modest, so the real value of the new algorithm is to encourage users to adopt its features into their own or others models.


2022 ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Adrian Davis

The chapter looks at the burgeoning field of certification for individuals in the field of information security or cybersecurity. Individual information security certifications cover a wide range of topics from the deeply technical to the managerial. These certifications are used as a visible indication of an individual's status and knowledge, used to define experience and status, used in job descriptions and screening, and may define expectations placed on the individual. This chapter examines how these certifications are produced, the subjects they cover, and how they integrate and the various audiences to which the certifications are aimed. The role, the perceived and real value, and benefits of certification within the field of information security both from an individual and an organizational perspective are discussed. Finally, some conclusions on certification are presented.


2022 ◽  
pp. 218-225

As the controversy over the “Great Reset” being advocated by supporters of globalization continues, those who consider the prospect of a centralized monetary system controlled by unelected and largely unknown people to be profoundly undesirable will be greatly strengthened in their resistance if they can agree on a preferable alternative. What is needed most of all is a means of reducing the vulnerability of smaller countries to destabilization by large financial corporations and government organisations. This book advocates close consideration of the politically and economically simple initiative to implement the Grondona system, which enables individual countries to improve the working of existing monetary policy arrangements incrementally, notably by stabilizing the real value of their national currency in terms of a range of industrial commodities. Eminent economists have argued in favour of this policy for more than a century, but without offering a satisfactory means of implementing it.


2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0

Structural capital is one of the components of intellectual capital. The measurement is essential in order to obtain the real value of intellectual capital and its influence on the profitability of the business. The measurement of structural capital value addition can be done directly or via the mediating effect of another component of intellectual capital, i.e. human capital or relational capital. Human capital has been selected as the mediating component for this study based on findings of previous studies that advocate its importance as a major determinant that enhances structural capital changes. This paper aims at measuring the influence of human capital as a mediating factor on the capacity of structural capital value addition for the period of 2002-2018, for Galicia (Spain) and Portugal.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110637
Author(s):  
Armando De Virgilio ◽  
Andrea Costantino ◽  
Giuseppe Mercante ◽  
Fabio Ferreli ◽  
Phil Yiu ◽  
...  

Objective: The aim of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the feasibility of the micro-laryngeal surgery (MLS) using a 3D operating exoscope (OE) in substitution to a conventional operating microscope (OM). Methods: A total of 41 consecutive patients were included (male: 26; median age: 55.0 years; IQR: 46.0-68.0). After each procedure, the surgeon and the scrub nurse were asked to fill out a tailored questionnaire on a 3-point Likert scale (1—not acceptable, 2—acceptable, 3—good) including 12 items. Results: The majority of the procedures were therapeutic (n = 31, 75.6%), while the remaining were diagnostic (n = 10, 24.4%). All surgeries were successfully completed without the support of the OM, and no complications or unwanted delays were detected. The majority of the individual items were judged “good” either by surgeons (n = 399, 81.1%) and scrub nurses (n = 287, 87.5%). The natural posture during the procedure, and the ease of use the joystick and focusing were the best-rated items by the surgeons. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of MLS using the OE. Further comparative clinical studies are needed to clarify its real value in substitution to a conventional operating microscope and to better define advantages and disadvantages.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Li ◽  
Qianli Xing

The income of rural residents is not only an important indicator to measure the development of rural economy, but also a key factor in the livelihood of farmers. The accurate prediction of income of rural residents can provide data supporting for promoting rural revitalization strategy. This paper selects per capita disposable income of rural residents in China as the research object and uses the macrostatistical data from 2011 to 2020 to predict farmers’ income. Firstly, the grey prediction model is constructed, and the grey prediction value is corrected by Markov chain. The simulation value is compared with the real value. And the results show that the prediction accuracy of the model is higher. It shows that the results of using the grey Markov model to predict the income of rural residents in China from 2021 to 2025 are reliable. Finally, the article puts forward policy recommendations to promote the income of rural residents.


Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Márcia R. Cappelle ◽  
Les R. Foulds ◽  
Humberto J. Longo

Given a monotone ordered multi-dimensional real array A and a real value k, an important question in computation is to establish if k is a member of A by sequentially searching A by comparing k with some of its entries. This search problem and its known results are surveyed, including the case when A has sizes not necessarily equal. Worst case search algorithms for various types of arrays of finite dimension and sizes are reported. Each algorithm has order strictly less than the product of the sizes of the array. Present challenges and open problems in the area are also presented.


Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Tian ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Shengping Liu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Photonic computation has garnered huge attention due to its great potential to accelerate artificial neural network tasks at much higher clock rate to digital electronic alternatives. Especially, reconfigurable photonic processor consisting of Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) mesh is promising for photonic matrix multiplier. It is desired to implement high-radix MZI mesh to boost the computation capability. Conventionally, three cascaded MZI meshes (two universal N × N unitary MZI mesh and one diagonal MZI mesh) are needed to express N × N weight matrix with O(N 2) MZIs requirements, which limits scalability seriously. Here, we propose a photonic matrix architecture using the real-part of one nonuniversal N × N unitary MZI mesh to represent the real-value matrix. In the applications like photonic neural network, it probable reduces the required MZIs to O(Nlog2 N) level while pay low cost on learning capability loss. Experimentally, we implement a 4 × 4 photonic neural chip and benchmark its performance in convolutional neural network for handwriting recognition task. Low learning-capability-loss is observed in our 4 × 4 chip compared to its counterpart based on conventional architecture using O(N 2) MZIs. While regarding the optical loss, chip size, power consumption, encoding error, our architecture exhibits all-round superiority.


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