A note on the effect of isolation during testing and length of previous confinement on locomotor behaviour during open-field test in dairy calves

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Bak Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Locomotor Behaviour

scholarly journals The effect of sertindole on behavioural sensitisation to methamphetamine in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
L. Landa ◽  
K. Slais ◽  
A. Sulcova
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Locomotor Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Similarly to various other addictive substances, methamphetamine (Met) produces, following repeated application, a strong increase in behavioural responses (particularly locomotor behaviour), a phenomenon termed behavioural sensitisation. In our previous studies we tested the effects of various psychotropic drugs on behavioural sensitisation to Met, particularly the effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands with different intrinsic activities and felbamate and memantine, antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In the present study we investigated the influence of the antipsychotic drug sertindole (Srt) on sensitisation to the effects of Met on mouse locomotor behaviour in the Open field test. Male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and were administered drugs seven times (from the 7<sup>th</sup> to 13<sup>th</sup> day of the experiment) as follows: (a) n<sub>1, 2</sub>: Met at the doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day; (b)&nbsp;n<sub>3</sub>: Met&nbsp;+ Srt at the doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day + 10.0 mg/kg/day; (c) n<sub>4</sub>: Srt at the dose of 10.0 mg/kg/day. Locomotion in the Open field test was measured (a) after administration of vehicle on the 1<sup>st</sup> day, (b) after the 1<sup>st</sup> dose of drugs given on the 7<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;day, and (c) on the 14<sup>th</sup> day after the &ldquo;challenge doses&rdquo; administered in the following way: n<sub>1</sub>: Met; n<sub>2</sub>: Met+Srt, n<sub>3</sub>: Met; n<sub>4</sub>: Srt. We found the following significant behavioural changes: (1) a stimulatory influence of Met and development of sensitisation after repeated treatment (n<sub>1</sub>); (2) an inhibition of Met sensitisation in the case of a combined challenge dose of Met + Srt (n<sub>2</sub>); (3) a stimulatory effect of Met when animals were repeatedly pre-treated with Met + Srt (n<sub>3</sub>); (4) a significant inhibition of locomotion after the 1<sup>st</sup> dose of Srt, that persisted even after the last Srt dose (n<sub>4</sub>). Data concerning the involvement of sertindole in reward processes associated with drug addiction are not completely consistent and our results reflect this ambiguity to a certain extent. A combined challenge dose of Met + Srt administered after repeated pre-treatment with Met inhibited the development of behavioural sensitisation; on the other hand a Met challenge dose alone administered after repeated pre-treatment with Met + Srt produced a significant increase in locomotion.

scholarly journals Artificial Grooming during Early Life could Boost the Activity and Human Affinity of Holstein Female Calves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Congcong Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Shuang Jin ◽  
Xianhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Oral Behavior ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Milk Feeding

Early cow–calf separation management induced various welfare problems for dairy calves. We mimicked the maternal licking by manually brushing right after the Holstein female calves were born and during their first week of life, termed artificial grooming (AG). The behavior of these treated calves (AG, n = 17) was compared with the calves without artificial grooming (Con, n = 16) during daily behavioral observation around evening milk feeding and in the open field test (OFT) and novel human test (NHT). The number of calves ingesting starter on day six was recorded. The AG calves were observed to be more active and perform more oral behavior compared with the Con calves around evening milk feeding. In the OFT and NHT, the AG calves were again more active than the Con calves. Moreover, the AG calves tended to be less cautious and had more human interactions than the Con calves in the NHT. There tended to be a higher percentage of AG calves ingesting starter on day 6. In conclusion, artificial grooming during early life could boost the activity and the human affinity of female calves and it might advance their starter diet ingestion.

scholarly journals The effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) on behavioural sensitisation to methamphetamine in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
L. Landa ◽  
K. Slais ◽  
A. Machalova ◽  
A. Sulcova
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Locomotor Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation

The psychostimulant methamphetamine (Met), similarly to other drugs of abuse, is known to produce an increased behavioural response after its repeated application (behavioural sensitisation). It has also been described that an increased response to a drug may be elicited by previous repeated administration of another drug (cross-sensitisation). We have previously shown that the CB<sub>1</sub>, CB<sub>2</sub> and TRPV (vanilloid) cannabinoid receptor agonist methanandamide, cross-sensitised to Met stimulatory effects in mice. The present study was focused on ability of the more selective and potent CB<sub>1</sub> receptor activator arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) to elicit cross-sensitisation to the stimulatory effects of Met on mouse locomotor behaviour in the Open field test. Male mice were randomly divided into three groups and on seven occasions (from the 7<sup>th</sup> to 13<sup>th</sup> day of the experiment) were administered drugs as follows:(a) n<sub>1</sub>: vehicle at the dose of 10 ml/kg/day; (b) n<sub>2</sub>: Met at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day; (c) n<sub> 3</sub>: ACPA at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Locomotor behaviour in the Open field test was measured (a) after administration of vehicle on the 1<sup>st</sup> experimental day, (b) after the 1<sup>st</sup> dose of drugs given on the 7<sup>th</sup> day, and (c) on the 14<sup>th</sup> day after the &ldquo;challenge doses&rdquo; administered in the following manner: n<sub>1</sub>: saline at a dose of 10 ml/kg, n<sub>2, 3</sub>: Met at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The observed behavioural changes consisted in: (a) gradual development of habituation to the open field conditions in three consecutive tests; (b) development of behavioural sensitisation to the stimulatory effects of Met after repeated treatment; (c) insignificant effect of repeated pre-treatment with ACPA on the stimulatory effects of Met challenge dose. The results of our study give rise to the question which of the cannabinoid receptor mechanisms might be most responsible for the neuroplastic changes inducing sensitisation to the stimulatory effects of Met. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Toxicity and Neuropharmacological Effects of Elenine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Navarro ◽  
S. J. Alonso ◽  
R. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Traction Test ◽  
Central Depressant

Elenine is the aglycone of elenoside, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan (NSC 644013-W/1) derived fromJusticia hyssopifolia. (Family: Acanthaceae). Elenoside is a β-D-glucoside, with a similar chemical structure to etoposide, exhibiting central depressant activity. In the present study, elenine was given to mice and rats at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behaviour in mice was studied as well as its effects on muscular relaxant activity, locomotor activity (Varimex test), and the open-field test and were compared with 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine. Elenine produced a reduction in the permanence time in muscular relaxant activity (traction test). Spontaneous activity was lower in the Varimex test. The ambulation and rearing were lower compared with the control group, and an increase in boluses was observed in the open-field test. Thus, it can be concluded that elenine has central sedative effects at lower doses than those used with elenoside and has a possible application in conditions of anxiety.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Acute effects of ethanol on behavioral responses of male and female zebrafish in the open field test with the influence of a non-familiar object

2021 ◽  
pp. 104474
Author(s):  
Thiele P. Souza ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Flavia V. Stefanello ◽  
Talise E. Müller ◽  
Laura W. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Zebrafish

Garcinia Camobogia Extract Alters Anxiety, Sociability, and Dopamine Turnover in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Ibrahim ◽  
Marina Aboelsaad ◽  
Fatma Tony ◽  
Moustafa Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Background: Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Different groups were given distilled water (0.5ml p.o.) and Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses (100mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o.). Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± standard deviation) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Result: Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Conclusion: Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.

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