Assessment of auditory cortex activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seckin O. Ulualp ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal ◽  
F. Zerrin Yetkin ◽  
Thomas M. Kidder
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Functional Images ◽  
Cross Correlation Technique

OBJECTIVE The goal was to assess auditory cortex activation evoked by pure-tone stimulus with functional MRI. METHODS Five healthy children, aged 7 to 10 years, were studied. Hearing evaluation was performed by pure-tone audiometry in a sound-treated room and in the MRI scanner with the scanner noise in the background. Subjects were asked to listen to pure tones (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) at thresholds determined in the MRI scanner. Functional image processing was performed with a cross-correlation technique with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 ( P < 0.0001). Auditory cortex activation was assessed by observing activated pixels in functional images. RESULTS Functional images of auditory cortex activation were obtained in 3 children. All children showed activation in Heschl's gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and planum temporale. The number of activated pixels in auditory cortexes ranged from 4 to 33. CONCLUSIONS Functional images of auditory cortex activation evoked by pure-tone stimuli are obtained in healthy children with the functional MRI technique.

Tracking the Effects of Top–Down Attention on Word Discrimination Using Frequency-tagged Neuromagnetic Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-888
Author(s):  
Maxime Niesen ◽  
Marc Vander Ghinst ◽  
Mathieu Bourguignon ◽  
Vincent Wens ◽  
Julie Bertels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Attention Condition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Word Discrimination

Discrimination of words from nonspeech sounds is essential in communication. Still, how selective attention can influence this early step of speech processing remains elusive. To answer that question, brain activity was recorded with magnetoencephalography in 12 healthy adults while they listened to two sequences of auditory stimuli presented at 2.17 Hz, consisting of successions of one randomized word (tagging frequency = 0.54 Hz) and three acoustically matched nonverbal stimuli. Participants were instructed to focus their attention on the occurrence of a predefined word in the verbal attention condition and on a nonverbal stimulus in the nonverbal attention condition. Steady-state neuromagnetic responses were identified with spectral analysis at sensor and source levels. Significant sensor responses peaked at 0.54 and 2.17 Hz in both conditions. Sources at 0.54 Hz were reconstructed in supratemporal auditory cortex, left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left middle temporal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus. Sources at 2.17 Hz were reconstructed in supratemporal auditory cortex and STG. Crucially, source strength in the left STG at 0.54 Hz was significantly higher in verbal attention than in nonverbal attention condition. This study demonstrates speech-sensitive responses at primary auditory and speech-related neocortical areas. Critically, it highlights that, during word discrimination, top–down attention modulates activity within the left STG. This area therefore appears to play a crucial role in selective verbal attentional processes for this early step of speech processing.

A Study of Language in Functional Cortex of Audiphone Deaf Signers Used FMRI

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Suang Xia ◽  
Fei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Association Area ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
No Activation

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to observe the changes of cerebral functional cortex in prelingual deaf singers for Chinese sign language(CSL). Results：During observing and imitating CSL, the activated areas in all groups include bilateral middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, cuneate lobe, fusiform gyrus and lingual gurus. The activation of bilateral inferior frontal gyrus were found in groupⅠ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, but no activation in groupⅡ. The activation of bilateral superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule were found in groupⅠand Ⅲ, but no activation in others. The volumes of bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in groupⅠwere greater than those in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The volumes of bilateral superior temporal gyrus in groupⅠwere greater than those in group Ⅲ. Conclusion：The cortex in PDS had occurred reorganization, after losing their auditory and learning the CSL. The activation of linguistic cortex can be found during oberserving and imitating CSL in PDS. The secondary auditory cortex and association area turn to take part in processing visual language when no auditory afference, whereas the primary auditory cortex do not participate the reorganization. Additionally, the visual cortex of PDS is more sensitive than that of normal heaing individuals.

scholarly journals Auditory cortex hypoperfusion: a metabolic hallmark in Beta Thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Manara ◽  
Sara Ponticorvo ◽  
Silverio Perrotta ◽  
Maria Rosaria Barillari ◽  
Giuseppe Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Beta Thalassemia

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss in beta-thalassemia is common and it is generally associated with iron chelation therapy. However, data are scarce, especially on adult populations, and a possible involvement of the central auditory areas has not been investigated yet. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional audiological and single-center 3Tesla brain perfusion MRI study enrolling 77 transfusion-dependent/non transfusion-dependent adult patients and 56 healthy controls. Pure tone audiometry, demographics, clinical/laboratory and cognitive functioning data were recorded. Results Half of patients (52%) presented with high-frequency hearing deficit, with overt hypoacusia (Pure Tone Average (PTA) > 25 dB) in 35%, irrespective of iron chelation or clinical phenotype. Bilateral voxel clusters of significant relative hypoperfusion were found in the auditory cortex of beta-thalassemia patients, regardless of clinical phenotype. In controls and transfusion-dependent (but not in non-transfusion-dependent) patients, the relative auditory cortex perfusion values increased linearly with age (p < 0.04). Relative auditory cortex perfusion values showed a significant U-shaped correlation with PTA values among hearing loss patients, and a linear correlation with the full scale intelligence quotient (right side p = 0.01, left side p = 0.02) with its domain related to communication skills (right side p = 0.04, left side p = 0.07) in controls but not in beta-thalassemia patients. Audiometric test results did not correlate to cognitive test scores in any subgroup. Conclusions In conclusion, primary auditory cortex perfusion changes are a metabolic hallmark of adult beta-thalassemia, thus suggesting complex remodeling of the hearing function, that occurs regardless of chelation therapy and before clinically manifest hearing loss. The cognitive impact of perfusion changes is intriguing but requires further investigations.

Evaluation of Efferent Auditory System and Hearing Quality in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Difficulty in Speech Understanding in Complex Listening Conditions Related to Neural Degeneration or Aging?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay ◽  
Bülent Gündüz ◽  
Fatih Söke ◽  
Recep Karamert
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
System Function ◽  
Distortion Product

Purpose The effects of neurological diseases on the auditory system have been a notable issue for investigators because the auditory pathway is closely associated with neural systems. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the efferent auditory system function and hearing quality in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to compare the findings with age-matched individuals without PD to present a perspective on aging. Method The study included 35 individuals with PD (mean age of 48.50 ± 8.00 years) and 35 normal-hearing peers (mean age of 49 ± 10 years). The following tests were administered for all participants: the first section of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic reflexes; and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and contralateral suppression of DPOAEs. SPSS Version 25 was used for statistical analyses, and values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the pure-tone audiometry thresholds and DPOAE responses between the individuals with PD and their normal-hearing peers ( p = .732). However, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in suppression levels of DPOAEs and hearing quality ( p < .05). In addition, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the amount of suppression at some frequencies and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores. Conclusions This study indicates that medial olivocochlear efferent system function and the hearing quality of individuals with PD were affected adversely due to the results of PD pathophysiology on the hearing system. For optimal intervention and follow-up, tasks related to hearing quality in daily life can also be added to therapies for PD.

Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory Cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2346-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
Igor O. Volkov ◽  
M. Daniel Noh ◽  
P. Charles Garell ◽  
Matthew A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

Voice onset time (VOT) is an important parameter of speech that denotes the time interval between consonant onset and the onset of low-frequency periodicity generated by rhythmic vocal cord vibration. Voiced stop consonants (/b/, /g/, and /d/) in syllable initial position are characterized by short VOTs, whereas unvoiced stop consonants (/p/, /k/, and t/) contain prolonged VOTs. As the VOT is increased in incremental steps, perception rapidly changes from a voiced stop consonant to an unvoiced consonant at an interval of 20–40 ms. This abrupt change in consonant identification is an example of categorical speech perception and is a central feature of phonetic discrimination. This study tested the hypothesis that VOT is represented within auditory cortex by transient responses time-locked to consonant and voicing onset. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by stop consonant-vowel (CV) syllables were recorded directly from Heschl's gyrus, the planum temporale, and the superior temporal gyrus in three patients undergoing evaluation for surgical remediation of medically intractable epilepsy. Voiced CV syllables elicited a triphasic sequence of field potentials within Heschl's gyrus. AEPs evoked by unvoiced CV syllables contained additional response components time-locked to voicing onset. Syllables with a VOT of 40, 60, or 80 ms evoked components time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. In contrast, the syllable with a VOT of 20 ms evoked a markedly diminished response to voicing onset and elicited an AEP very similar in morphology to that evoked by the syllable with a 0-ms VOT. Similar response features were observed in the AEPs evoked by click trains. In this case, there was a marked decrease in amplitude of the transient response to the second click in trains with interpulse intervals of 20–25 ms. Speech-evoked AEPs recorded from the posterior superior temporal gyrus lateral to Heschl's gyrus displayed comparable response features, whereas field potentials recorded from three locations in the planum temporale did not contain components time-locked to voicing onset. This study demonstrates that VOT at least partially is represented in primary and specific secondary auditory cortical fields by synchronized activity time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. Furthermore, AEPs exhibit features that may facilitate categorical perception of stop consonants, and these response patterns appear to be based on temporal processing limitations within auditory cortex. Demonstrations of similar speech-evoked response patterns in animals support a role for these experimental models in clarifying selected features of speech encoding.

Functional MRI of Auditory Cortex Activated by Multisite Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea

NeuroImage ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lazeyras ◽  
Colette Boëx ◽  
Alain Sigrist ◽  
Mohamed L. Seghier ◽  
Grégoire Cosendai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Neural representations of own-voice in the human auditory cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Hosaka ◽  
Marino Kimura ◽  
Yuko Yotsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex ◽  
The Voice

AbstractWe have a keen sensitivity when it comes to the perception of our own voices. We can detect not only the differences between ourselves and others, but also slight modifications of our own voices. Here, we examined the neural correlates underlying such sensitive perception of one’s own voice. In the experiments, we modified the subjects’ own voices by using five types of filters. The subjects rated the similarity of the presented voices to their own. We compared BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) signals between the voices that subjects rated as least similar to their own voice and those they rated as most similar. The contrast revealed that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus exhibited greater activities while listening to the voice least similar to their own voice and lesser activation while listening to the voice most similar to their own. Our results suggest that the superior temporal gyrus is involved in neural sharpening for the own-voice. The lesser degree of activations observed by the voices that were similar to the own-voice indicates that these areas not only respond to the differences between self and others, but also respond to the finer details of own-voices.

The Use of Pure-tone Audiometry in the Assessment of Gentamicin Auditory Toxicity

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Davey ◽  
F. Jabeen ◽  
E. S. Harpur ◽  
P. M. Shenoi ◽  
A. M. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry

scholarly journals The emergence of the red sequence at z~2 seen through galaxy clustering in the UKIDSS UDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S295) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
William G. Hartley ◽  
Omar Almaini ◽  
Alice Mortlock ◽  
Chris Conselice ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Deep Survey ◽  
Cross Correlation Technique ◽  
Infrared Survey

AbstractWe use the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey, the deepest degree-scale near-infrared survey to date, to investigate the clustering of star-forming and passive galaxies to z ~ 3.5. Our new measurements include the first determination of the clustering for passive galaxies at z > 2, which we achieve using a cross-correlation technique. We find that passive galaxies are the most strongly clustered, typically hosted by massive dark matter halos with Mhalo > 1013 M⊙ irrespective of redshift or stellar mass. Our findings are consistent with models in which a critical halo mass determines the transition from star-forming to passive galaxies.

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