552 Nicotinic receptors (nAChR) in the brain: Gene expression and contribution to learning and aging processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. S137-S138
Author(s):  
J.-P. Changeux ◽  
A. Bessis ◽  
M. Picciotto ◽  
M. Zoli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
The Brain

35 Nicotinic receptors (nAChR) in the brain : Gene expression and contribution to learning and aging processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. S9-S10
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Changeux ◽  
Alain Bessis ◽  
Marina Picciotto ◽  
Michele Zoli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Circulating IGF1 regulates hippocampal IGF1 levels and brain gene expression during adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Yan ◽  
Matthew Mitschelen ◽  
Georgina V Bixler ◽  
Robert M Brucklacher ◽  
Julie A Farley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Final Adult Height ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

GH and its anabolic mediator, IGF1, are important not only in somatic growth but also in the regulation of brain function. Even though GH treatment has been used clinically to improve body composition and exercise capacity in adults, its influence on central nervous system function has only recently been recognized. This is also the case for children with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD) where GH has been used to stimulate bone growth and enhance final adult height. Circulating IGF1 is transported across the blood–brain barrier and IGF1 and its receptors are also synthesized in the brain by neurons and glial and endothelial cells. Nevertheless, the relationship between circulating IGF1 and brain IGF1 remains unclear. This study, using a GH-deficient dwarf rat model and peripheral GH replacement, investigated the effects of circulating IGF1 during adolescence on IGF1 levels in the brain. Our results demonstrated that hippocampal IGF1 protein concentrations during adolescence are highly regulated by circulating IGF1, which were reduced by GHD and restored by systematic GH replacement. Importantly, IGF1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were decreased by GHD but not restored by GH replacement. Furthermore, analysis of gene expression using microarrays and RT-PCR indicated that circulating IGF1 levels did not modify the transcription ofIgf1or its receptor in the hippocampus but did regulate genes that are involved in microvascular structure and function, brain development, and synaptic plasticity, which potentially support brain structures involved in cognitive function during this important developmental period.

Back to the basics? Transcriptomics offers integrative insights into the role of space, time and the environment for gene expression and behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 20210293
Author(s):  
Eva K. Fischer ◽  
Mark E. Hauber ◽  
Alison M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Genomic Revolution

Fuelled by the ongoing genomic revolution, broadscale RNA expression surveys are fast replacing studies targeting one or a few genes to understand the molecular basis of behaviour. Yet, the timescale of RNA-sequencing experiments and the dynamics of neural gene activation are insufficient to drive real-time switches between behavioural states. Moreover, the spatial, functional and transcriptional complexity of the brain (the most commonly targeted tissue in studies of behaviour) further complicates inference. We argue that a Central Dogma-like ‘back-to-basics’ assumption that gene expression changes cause behaviour leaves some of the most important aspects of gene–behaviour relationships unexplored, including the roles of environmental influences, timing and feedback from behaviour—and the environmental shifts it causes—to neural gene expression. No perfect experimental solutions exist but we advocate that explicit consideration, exploration and discussion of these factors will pave the way toward a richer understanding of the complicated relationships between genes, environments, brain gene expression and behaviour over developmental and evolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Correspondence between resting state activity and brain gene expression

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhong Wang ◽  
T. Grant Belgard ◽  
Deng Mao ◽  
Leslie Chen ◽  
Stefano Berto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Brain Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The relationship between functional brain activity and gene expression has not been fully explored in the human brain. Here, we identify significant correlations between gene expression in the brain and functional activity by comparing fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) from two independent human fMRI resting state datasets to regional cortical gene expression from a newly generated RNA-seq dataset and two additional gene expression datasets to obtain robust and reproducible correlations. We find significantly more genes correlated with fALFF than expected by chance, and identify specific genes correlated with the imaging signals in multiple expression datasets in the default mode network. Together, these data support a population-level relationship between regional steady state brain gene expression and resting state brain activity.

scholarly journals Human peripheral monocytes capture elements of the state of microglial activation in the brain

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Felsky ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Klein ◽  
Vilas Menon ◽  
Yiyi Ma ◽  
Yanling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Despite a growing focus on neuroimmune mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the role of peripheral monocytes remains largely unknown. Circulating monocytes communicate with the brain’s resident myeloid cells, microglia, via chemical signaling and can directly infiltrate the brain parenchyma.1 Thus, molecular signatures of monocytes may serve as indicators of neuropathological events unfolding in the CNS.2–5 However, no studies have yet directly tested the association of monocyte gene expression on longitudinal cognitive decline or postmortem neuropathology and brain gene expression in aging. Here we present a resource of RNA sequencing of purified CD14+ human monocytes - including an eQTL map - from over 200 elderly individuals, most with accompanying bulk brain RNA sequencing profiles, longitudinal cognitive assessments, and detailed postmortem neuropathological examinations. We tested the direct correlation of gene expression between monocytes and bulk brain tissue, finding very few significant signals driven largely by genetic variation. However, we did identify sets of monocyte-expressed genes that were highly predictive of postmortem microglial activation, diffuse amyloid plaque deposition, and cerebrovascular disease. Our findings prioritize potential blood-based molecular biomarkers for AD; they also reveal the previously unknown architecture of shared gene expression between the CNS and peripheral immune system in aging.

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