Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B vaccine in preterm and full term infants vaccinated within the first week of life

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

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Comparison of the seroconversion rate after primary hepatitis B vaccination and after revaccination of non-responders in full-term infants according to mother's HBsAg seropositivity

Korean Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.3345/kjp.2008.51.11.1165 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jang Hee Kang ◽

Jae Won Moon ◽

Seung Hyun Kong ◽

Kwang Su Hwang ◽

Ji Sun Mok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Seroconversion Rate ◽

Full Term ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Term Infants ◽

Hbsag Seropositivity

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Update on Timing of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Premature Infants and for Children With Lapsed Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.3.403 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 403-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Response Rate ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

United States Public Health ◽

The United States ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Term Infants ◽

Normal Term

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United States Public Health Service have recommended immunization of all infants with hepatitis B vaccine.1,2 Although several immunization schedules have been shown to be effective in infants and children, the AAP recommends that the first dose be administered to newborns before they leave the hospital. Alternative schedules beginning between birth and 2 months of age also are acceptable and have been adopted in many practices. These recommendations were based on studies performed in numerous populations demonstrating high immunogenicity when the vaccines were administered in accordance with the manufacturers' approved doses and schedules. In the previous AAP recommendations, similar latitude was given in the initiation of vaccine schedules for premature infants born to women who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative. For premature infants and other infants with illnesses in the first few days of life, pediatricians were advised that administration of hepatitis B vaccine could be delayed until hospital discharge, although it was implied that premature infants should receive hepatitis B vaccine at the same chronologic age as recommended for term infants.3 HEPATITIS B VACCINE IN PREMATURE INFANTS Studies have revealed, however, that the percentage of infants that develop protective levels (≥10 mIU/mL) of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and the final anti-HBs concentrations may be lower in premature infants given the recombinant hepatitis B vaccines beginning at birth than if the initial dose is delayed until they are older or weigh more than 2000 g.4-6 In one study,4 the response rate for premature infants who received their first dose of Engerix-B vaccine at a weight of either 1000 to 1999 g or 2000 g or more was 79% and 91 %, respectively; the response rate was 100% for normal term infants.

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Long-term pertussis-specific immune responses to a combined diphtheria, tetanus, tricomponent acellular pertussis and hepatitis B vaccine in pre-term infants

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00230-x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (23-24) ◽

pp. 2928-2932 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S ESPOSITO

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Term Infants

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Skin-to-Skin Contact Diminishes Pain From Hepatitis B Vaccine Injection in Healthy Full-Term Neonates

Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1891/0730-0832.32.4.274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 274-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Raouth Kostandy ◽

Gene C. Anderson ◽

Marion Good

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Full Term ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Injection Pain ◽

Control Groups ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Vaccine Injection ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Skin To Skin

AbstractPurpose: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that skin-to-skin contact (SSC) would reduce hepatitis B vaccine injection pain in full-term neonates.Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT).Sample: Thirty-six mother–neonate dyads were randomly assigned to SSC or control groups.Main Outcomes: Cry time (CT), behavioral state (BSt), and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the 16-minute protocol. HR and BSt were measured every 30 seconds; CT was recorded continuously.Results: SSC neonates cried less compared with controls (23 vs 32 seconds during injection; 16 vs 72 seconds during recovery), reached calmer BSts sooner (M = 2.8 vs M = 6.5 time points), and trended toward more rapid HR decrease. SSC as described was safe and effective and merits further testing.

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