scholarly journals Hepatitis B Response of Premature Infants after Primary and Booster Immunisation with a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Poliovirus/Haemophilus InfluenzaeType B Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Omeñaca ◽  
Jose Garcia-Sicilia ◽  
Reyes Boceta ◽  
Pilar García-Corbeira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES OF PREMATURE AND FULL-TERM INFANTS TO INFECTION WITH CERTAIN VIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Heinz F. Eichenwald ◽  
Olga Kotsevalov
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Echo Virus

Observations are reported on a number of newborn and premature infants naturally infected with adenovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and ECHO virus types 9, 18, and 20 during their first few weeks of life. Serial serologic studies revealed that these babies generally responded promptly with antibody formation and that this was independent of age and birth weight, but did vary with the particular type of virus involved. The presence of homologous passively acquired antibody did not appear to interfere with the formation of active immune bodies. However, the response to the various viruses differed sufficiently that it was not possible to arrive at general conclusions on the basis of information derived from any single agent.

scholarly journals The influence of birth weight and gestational age on kidney function in premature infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Bella D. Tsintsadze ◽  
Klavdiya A. Kazakova ◽  
Vladislav V. Chernikov ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko ◽  
Aleksey N. Tsygin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Introduction. The impact of prematurity on the functional state of the kidneys in infants has not yet been sufficiently studied. Aim. To determine the influence of birth weight and gestational age on the creatinine level in the blood and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early childhood. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of 316 children aged from 1 month to 1.5 years, hospitalized at the Department of Early Childhood Pathology (National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow) from 2012 to 2020 due to consequences of perinatal CNS damage. Children without congenital kidney diseases, with normal urine values in medical history, without structural abnormalities on ultrasound were included in this study. Serum creatinine was determined by the enzymatic method, GFR - by the Schwartz’s formula using a coefficient of 0.413, as well as, previously proposed coefficients of 0.33 for premature and 0.44 for full-term infants. Results. In premature infants, notably born with extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight, at the age of 1 year, serum creatinine is reduced compared to full-term infants, GFR in deep-premature infants exceeds the level of GFR in full-term infants by the year. The results allow concluding the method of calculating GFR by formulas based on serum creatinine to be invalid. Due to possible hyperfiltration in preterm infants, they need regular monitoring urine tests, blood pressure, due to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions. It is necessary to search for other methods for determining GFR in extremely premature infants. The established indices of the blood creatinine content can be used as reference values for different periods of gestation and body weight at birth in institutions using the enzymatic method for determining blood creatinine. The obtained GFR indices as a reference can be recommended for full-term and premature babies born after 32 weeks of gestation and with a birth weight of more than 1500 g.

Update on Timing of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Premature Infants and for Children With Lapsed Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Term

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United States Public Health Service have recommended immunization of all infants with hepatitis B vaccine.1,2 Although several immunization schedules have been shown to be effective in infants and children, the AAP recommends that the first dose be administered to newborns before they leave the hospital. Alternative schedules beginning between birth and 2 months of age also are acceptable and have been adopted in many practices. These recommendations were based on studies performed in numerous populations demonstrating high immunogenicity when the vaccines were administered in accordance with the manufacturers' approved doses and schedules. In the previous AAP recommendations, similar latitude was given in the initiation of vaccine schedules for premature infants born to women who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative. For premature infants and other infants with illnesses in the first few days of life, pediatricians were advised that administration of hepatitis B vaccine could be delayed until hospital discharge, although it was implied that premature infants should receive hepatitis B vaccine at the same chronologic age as recommended for term infants.3 HEPATITIS B VACCINE IN PREMATURE INFANTS Studies have revealed, however, that the percentage of infants that develop protective levels (≥10 mIU/mL) of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and the final anti-HBs concentrations may be lower in premature infants given the recombinant hepatitis B vaccines beginning at birth than if the initial dose is delayed until they are older or weigh more than 2000 g.4-6 In one study,4 the response rate for premature infants who received their first dose of Engerix-B vaccine at a weight of either 1000 to 1999 g or 2000 g or more was 79% and 91 %, respectively; the response rate was 100% for normal term infants.

Immunologic Response of Extremely Premature Infants to Tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Polio Immunizations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl T. D'Angio ◽  
William M. Maniscalco ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Polio Vaccine

Objective. To determine whether extremely premature infants have immunologic responses to tetanus toxoid, Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and polio vaccines similar to those of full-term infants. Infants and Methods. Sixteen extremely premature (<29 weeks, <1000 g at birth) infants received separate diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and H influenzae type b oligosaccharide-CRM,197-conjugated (HbOC) vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months of chronologic age, enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine at 2 months, and oral polio vaccine at 4 months. Serum was obtained for anti-tetanus toxoid (TT), anti-Haemophilus b polysaccharide (HbPs) and polio neutralizing antibody assays before the 2-month vaccination and 4 to 6 weeks after the 6-month vaccination. Comparison sera were obtained from full-term infants immunized with the same lots of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (n = 46) and HbOC (n 66) vaccines or the same sequence of polio vaccines (n = 10). Results. Preterm and full-term infants had similar geometric mean titers of anti-TT antibodies, anti-HbPs antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies to polio serotypes 1, 2, and 3 after the completion of the primary series of vaccines. After vaccination, similar proportions of preterm and full-term infants had protective levels of antibody to TT (preterm 100% vs full-term 100% with levels >0.01 IU/mL), HbPS (82% vs 87%, >1.0 µg/mL), and polio serotypes 1 (85% vs 80%, ≥1:8) and 2 (100% vs 100%, ≥1:8). Preterm infants were less likely than full-term infants to have protective levels of neutralizing antibody to polio serotype 3 (31% vs 90%, ≥1:8). Conclusions. Extremely premature infants have adequate antibody responses to tetanus and HbOC antigens but may have diminished responsiveness to serotype 3 polio vaccine.

PHAGOCYTOSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-957
Author(s):  
Louis Gluck ◽  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Phagocytic Ability ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Number Of Cells

The paucity of data regarding phagocytosis in the newborn is reviewed. A method of evaluating phagocytosis in the human is presented, in which the proportion of "effective phagocytes" (cells containing 10 or more carbon particles) is scored, rather than the total number of cells engulfing particles. Employing the criteria described, we have found significant differences in phagocytic ability between the blood of premature infants and that of adults or full-term infants. Differences observed between full-term infants and adults in respect to phagocytic capacity of leukocytes were not clearly significant. In general, increasing phagocytosis was observed, approaching adult levels with increase in birth weight. Addition of fresh, normal adult serum to invitro preparations of premature infants' blood significantly enhanced phagocytosis. The substances in serum which stimulated phagocytosis were identified by electrophoresis to be in the fractions generally known as α1-, α2-, and β-globulin. A possible therapeutic use for adult serum in the premature is postulated and is being studied.

The Auditory Steady-State Response: Full-Term and Premature Neonates

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cone-Wesson ◽  
John Parker ◽  
Nina Swiderski ◽  
Field Rickards
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Steady State Response ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
State Response ◽  
Auditory Steady State Response

Two studies were aimed at developing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for universal newborn hearing screening. First, neonates who had passed auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emission, and distortion-product otoacoustic emission tests were also tested with ASSRs using modulated tones that varied in frequency and level. Pass rates were highest (> 90%) for amplitude-modulated tones presented at levels ≥ 69 dB SPL. The effect of modulation frequency on ASSR for 500- and 2000-Hz tones was evaluated in full-term and premature infants in the second study. Full-term infants had higher pass rates for 2000-Hz tones amplitude modulated at 74 to 106 Hz compared with pass rates for a 500-Hz tone modulated at 58 to 90 Hz. Premature infants had lower pass rates than full-term infants for both carrier frequencies. Systematic investigation of ASSR threshold and the effect of modulation frequency in neonates is needed to adapt the technique for screening.

Hepatitis B Vaccination of Low Birth Weight Infants in Washington State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Ost ◽  
Natalia V. Oster ◽  
Elizabeth N. Jacobson ◽  
M. Patricia deHart ◽  
Janet A. Englund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Birth Hospitalization

Objective The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that infants born weighing less than 2,000 g receive the hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine at hospital discharge or 30 days of age. This study aimed to assess timely HepB vaccination among low birth weight infants. We hypothesized that many of these vulnerable infants would fail to receive their HepB birth dose on time. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included Washington State infants born weighing less than 2,000 g at an academic medical center between 2008 and 2013. Data were abstracted from electronic health records and linked to vaccine data from the Washington State Immunization Information System. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and visit characteristics and HepB vaccination by birth hospitalization discharge or 30 days of age. Results Among 976 study infants, 58.4% received their HepB vaccine by birth hospitalization discharge or 30 days of age. Infants had higher odds of timely HepB vaccination if they were Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.95) or non-Hispanic black (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.36–3.80) versus non-Hispanic white or if they were hospitalized 14 days or longer versus less than 14 days (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.66–3.54). Infants had lower odds of timely HepB vaccination if they were born before 34 weeks versus on or after 34 weeks of gestational age (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27–0.63) or if they had an estimated household income less than $50,845 versus 50,845 or greater (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48–0.86). Conclusion Many infants born weighing less than 2,000 g did not receive their first HepB birth dose according to ACIP recommendations. Strategies are needed to improve timely HepB vaccination in this high-risk population. Key Points

Postnatally acquired CMV meningitis diagnosed via BioFire FilmArray: A case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Stark ◽  
J. Peterson ◽  
K. Weimer ◽  
C. Hornik
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infant

Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) is commonly acquired via breast milk, with premature infants more frequently developing symptoms of CMV infection in comparison to term infants. Meningitis is a rare clinical manifestation of CMV infection. The diagnosis of meningitis is difficult to make in infants, particularly those who are preterm. Consequentially, broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial coverage is often administered for several days while waiting for current gold standard CSF testing to result. The BioFire FilmArray (BFA) simultaneously tests for 14 different pathogens, including CMV, allowing for quicker diagnosis and shorter time to definitive treatment. Here, we report a very low birth weight infant with postnatally acquired CMV meningitis, the first to our knowledge to be diagnosed using the BioFire FilmArray.

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