scholarly journals Comparison of the seroconversion rate after primary hepatitis B vaccination and after revaccination of non-responders in full-term infants according to mother's HBsAg seropositivity

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang Hee Kang ◽  
Jae Won Moon ◽  
Seung Hyun Kong ◽  
Kwang Su Hwang ◽  
Ji Sun Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Response of Premature Infants after Primary and Booster Immunisation with a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Poliovirus/Haemophilus InfluenzaeType B Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Omeñaca ◽  
Jose Garcia-Sicilia ◽  
Reyes Boceta ◽  
Pilar García-Corbeira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

Low Seroconversion with Hepatitis B Vaccination in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul N. Khan ◽  
Judy Bernardini ◽  
Raymond M. Rault ◽  
Beth Piraino
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Objective To compare seroconversion using hepatitis B vaccine between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Design Data on PD patients vaccinated were collected retrospectively for the period 1992 to 1995. The data on HD patients were collected prospectively from 1991 to 1994. Setting A university outpatient dialysis center. Participants All adult patients who received all four doses of hepatitis B vaccine while on dialysis were included (47 PD and 50 HD patients). Intervention Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix), 40 μg IM was administered at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months. Main Outcome Measure Seroconversion was measured after completion of the vaccination series. Results 74% of the HD patients seroconverted compared to 53 % of PD patients (p = 0.03). Older, heavier patients compared to all the other patients had a lower seroconversion rate in both the HD patients (55 % vs. 78 %) and PD patients (38 % vs. 59 %) (p = 0.03). Conclusion The seroconversion rate to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is lower in patients on PD than on HD for unclear reasons. Further studies are required to determine the etiology of this difference.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Vaccination in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Quality Improvement Project at a Veteran Affairs Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1042
Author(s):  
Jacob Hettenbaugh ◽  
Ryan Mullane ◽  
Gayle Gillispie ◽  
Valerie Shostrom ◽  
Linda Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Ckd Stage

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended in all patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, only 50–60% of these patients achieve protective antibody levels if immunized after starting dialysis. Strategies to overcome this low seroconversion rate include a 6-month vaccination schedule starting earlier [chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 and 5] to ensure immunity when patients progress to ESKD. We conducted a quality improvement program to immunize pre-dialysis patients. Patients who were found to have a negative baseline serology with a negative hepatitis B surface antibody level (HBsAb) were offered vaccination on a 6-month schedule (0, 1 and 6 months) with one of two available vaccines within the VA system (Recombivax™ or Engerix™). HBsAb titers were checked 3–4 months later, and titers ≥ 12 mIU/mL were indicative of immunity at VA. Patients who did not seroconvert were offered a repeat schedule of three more doses. We screened 198 patients (187 males and 11 females) with CKD 4 and 5 [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 29 mL/min/1.73 m2]. The median age of this cohort was 72 years (range 38–92 years). During the study period of 5 years (2015–2020), 10 patients were excluded since their GFR had improved to more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, 24 others had baseline immunity and 2 refused vaccination. The hepatitis B vaccination series was not started on 106 patients. Of the remaining 56, 12 patients progressed to ESKD and started dialysis before completion of the vaccination schedule, 6 expired and 1 did not come to clinic in 2020 due to the pandemic. Of the 37 patients who completed the vaccination schedule, 16 achieved seroconversion with adequate HBsAb titers, 10 did not develop immunity despite a second hepatitis B vaccination series, while 11 did not get a second series. Given the low seroconversion rate, albeit in a small cohort, vaccination should be considered in patients with earlier stages of CKD. Other options include studies on FDA approved vaccines of shorter duration. We plan to increase awareness among nephrologists, patients and nursing staff about the importance of achieving immunity against hepatitis B.

Update on Timing of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Premature Infants and for Children With Lapsed Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Term

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United States Public Health Service have recommended immunization of all infants with hepatitis B vaccine.1,2 Although several immunization schedules have been shown to be effective in infants and children, the AAP recommends that the first dose be administered to newborns before they leave the hospital. Alternative schedules beginning between birth and 2 months of age also are acceptable and have been adopted in many practices. These recommendations were based on studies performed in numerous populations demonstrating high immunogenicity when the vaccines were administered in accordance with the manufacturers' approved doses and schedules. In the previous AAP recommendations, similar latitude was given in the initiation of vaccine schedules for premature infants born to women who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative. For premature infants and other infants with illnesses in the first few days of life, pediatricians were advised that administration of hepatitis B vaccine could be delayed until hospital discharge, although it was implied that premature infants should receive hepatitis B vaccine at the same chronologic age as recommended for term infants.3 HEPATITIS B VACCINE IN PREMATURE INFANTS Studies have revealed, however, that the percentage of infants that develop protective levels (≥10 mIU/mL) of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and the final anti-HBs concentrations may be lower in premature infants given the recombinant hepatitis B vaccines beginning at birth than if the initial dose is delayed until they are older or weigh more than 2000 g.4-6 In one study,4 the response rate for premature infants who received their first dose of Engerix-B vaccine at a weight of either 1000 to 1999 g or 2000 g or more was 79% and 91 %, respectively; the response rate was 100% for normal term infants.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B seroprevalence in children and women and the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination program in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guner Karatekin ◽  
Mehmet Kilinc ◽  
Banu Gulcan Oksuz ◽  
Mahir Igde
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children and females in the middle Black Sea Region of Turkey and to assess the impact of the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination program started in 1998. Methodology: The laboratory records of 12,057 patients who attended the Samsun Maternity and Children’s Hospital between January 2007 and November 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. In this period, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), was studied from serum samples using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: In the total population, HBsAg seropositivity was found to be 3.8% (456/12010); anti-HBs was 32.6% (3526/10800). HBsAg was 3.5%, in the 0-14 year age group, 8.2% in the 15-18 group, 3.3% in the 19-49 group, and 8.0% in the over 49 group. The seropositivity of HBsAg decreased by half in patients between zero and 14 years of age (4.2%) who were included in the universal vaccination program when compared with those in the 15-18 year group (8.2%) who were not included in the program. There was a significant difference in HBsAg seropositivity between boys (5.8%) and girls (3.9%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the hepatitis B seroprevalence records of our region, HBsAg was 3.5% in the 0-14 year age group, 8.2% in the 15-18 year group. It may therefore be suggested that, since 1998, the vaccination program in our region has been successful.

No Improvement of Hepatitis B Vaccination Response in Patients Dialysed with a Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane Compared to High-Flux Polysulfone: Results of the HEPADIAL Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Valérie de Précigout ◽  
Christine Germain ◽  
Antoine Benard ◽  
Adeline Lacraz ◽  
Philippe Chauveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Intention To Treat

Background: An altered immune response and decreased vaccine response are observed in patients with chronic renal failure. A preliminary study of 15 non-immunised patients, despite appropriate previous hepatitis B vaccination, showed a 60% seroconversion rate after 3 months of dialysis with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane. This response was associated with circulating soluble CD40 (CD40s) decrease, a natural inhibitor of the humoral immune response. The aim of the study is to confirm these results in a randomised study. Methods: We conducted a multicentre randomised intention-to-treat superiority clinical trial comparing polysulfone and a PMMA membrane in 2 parallel patient groups. The primary end point was the vaccine response rate, as defined by an anti-HBs antibodies titre of >10 IU/L, 1 month after the last vaccination with a double dose of Engerix B20®, performed at weeks 12, 16, 20, and 36. Results: Twenty-five patients were randomised and included in an intention-to-treat analysis. They were dialysed on polysulfone (n = 11) or PMMA (n = 14) for 40 weeks. Fifty percent of the PMMA patients versus 54.5% of the polysulfone patients achieved seroconversion (p = 1.00). The median anti-HBs antibody titre in responders at week 40 was 496 (92–750) versus 395 (43–572) UI/mL for PMMA and polysulfone, respectively (p = 0.46). The median CD40s titre at week 12 was 306 (193–448) versus 491 (281–515) pg/mL (p = 0.21). The CD40s median variation between week 0 and week 12 was 5 (–105 to 90) versus 64 (–63 to 123) pg/mL (p = 0.55). The CD40s level at week 12 in non-responders was slightly inferior to that of the responders: median 193 (168–331) versus 413 (281–512) pg/mL (p = 0.08). Conclusion: We did not observe a better vaccine response with the PMMA membrane compared to high-flux polysulfone. The PMMA membrane did not decrease the CD40s more than the polysulfone membrane probably because the titre was previously low in the 2 groups.

scholarly journals Immune Status of Cohort of Children Vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus in Ekiti State over Ten Years after Incorporation into National Program on Immunization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
E. E. Emmanuel ◽  
I. O. Oluwayemi ◽  
A. Olu-Taiwo ◽  
M. S. Odimayo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced in Nigeria for over a decade now, yet, data on sero-conversion status of the immunized cohort in the population are scarce. Such data are important for objective evaluation of the impact and effectiveness of the HBV vaccination program. This study therefore aims at determining the sero-conversion status and the prevalence of HBV infection among immunized cohort of children in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted across the three senatorial districts of Ekiti state, between October and December, 2017. A total of 441 children consisting of 226 males and 215 females (Male to female ratio= 1.1:1). Immunization was confirmed by immunization cards. Multistage sampling technique was used. Questionaire were administered after caregiver’s consent and assent from subjects, 2 to 5 mls of blood samples were then collected and tested for the various hepatitis B viral markers (HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb, HBsAb and HBsAg) using Hepatitis B combo kit manufactured by Innovita Biological Technology. Very low levels antibody titres which may not be detectable by qualitative detection method used is a limitation to this study. Results: Subjects were between 5 to 10 years. All subjects had 3 full doses of hepatitis B vaccination before the age of 1 year and all subjects were negative for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAB and HBcAb. However, only 47 (10.7%) had detectable HBsAb. Among HBsAb positive patients 22 were males while 25 were females. Our findings showed zero prevalence of hepatitis B but minimal seroconversion rate among vaccinated children in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccination protects children against HBV in the study population. However, seroconversion rate showed that majority of the children may be at risk of HBV infection at a later age. We recommend a booster dose of HBV vaccination.

Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B vaccine in preterm and full term infants vaccinated within the first week of life

Vaccine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Soares Freitas da Motta ◽  
Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata ◽  
Salim Moysés Jorge ◽  
Clara Fumiko Tachibana Yoshida ◽  
Cleonice Barbosa Sandoval de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Term Infants

scholarly journals Hepatitis B status in hemodialysis patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Nogueira Crown GUIMARÃES ◽  
Tila FACINCANI ◽  
Sigrid De Sousa dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Occult Hbv

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients on chronic dialysis present a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. Despite infection-control practices, surveillance of serological markers, and hepatitis B vaccination, there are still outbreaks of the disease in dialysis centers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the serologic and vaccination status for hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed serologic markers and hepatitis B vaccination status of chronic kidney disease patients on regular dialysis program in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Patients without information about hepatitis B status (anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs) were referred for testing. Individuals with uncertain or incomplete immunization status and without serological conversion (anti-HBs <10mIU/mL) were referred to vaccination, with adverse effects monitored. RESULTS: The study included 130 from a total of 181 dialysis patients. The majority were male (63.8%), mean age 53.9 years. All patients were already screened and negative for HBsAg, and 73.8% were vaccinated against hepatitis B (59.2% complete and 14.6% incomplete schedule), with a seroconversion rate of 75.3%. Only 11 (8.5%) patients had prior dosage of anti-HBc (negative). Among the 47 patients referred for anti-HBc testing, four were anti-HBc positive and one indeterminate. Of the total of patients referred to immunization, 34 have actually received HBV vaccine; among them five had mild adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Despite the benefit of dosing of anti-HBc and anti-HBs before admission to dialysis, economic constraints have reduced the screening to only HBsAg. Since occult HBV infection has already been demonstrated in hemodialysis patients, the measure of anti-HBc should be encouraged.

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