Preliminary assessment of the impact of draining of Iraqi marshes on Kuwait's northern marine environment. Part I. Physical manipulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Manipulation

Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Draining of Iraqi Marshes on Kuwait's Northern Marine Environment. Part I. Physical Manipulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Nabi Al-Ghadban ◽  
T. Saeed ◽  
A. M. Al-Dousari ◽  
H. Al-Shemmari ◽  
M. Al-Mutairi
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Physical Manipulation

Kuwait's northern marine area is considered to be the receiving basin for the influx of sediments and associated pollutants from the Shatt Al-Arab estuary. In recent years, Iraq has undertaken to drain the southern marshes, which acted as a sink for the sediment and its associated pollutants. The draining process is expected to significantly increase the rate of sedimentation and change the hydrodynamic regime of the northern Arabian Gulf. Thirty-three bottom sediment samples from the area likely to be impacted by the draining of the marshes were collected and studied in 1997-98. Locations of sampling stations were selected as close to an earlier study done in 1982. The recent marine sediments of the study area are subdivided into five textural classes: sandy clay, clay, silt, mud and sandy mud. The comparison of the results of this study with those of the 1982 study showed that finer sediments were deposited. Based on sediment distribution, characteristics of bottom sediments and the topographic nature of the study area, a north-south sediment transport from Shatt Al-Arab and the southern part of Iraq, affecting the marine environment of Kuwait, is inferred. Comparison of water depths of the 1956 and 1986 hydrographic maps, revealed that more deposition occurred in the northern area, and this was attributed to the draining process. In general, there were some indications of the negative impact of the draining of the marshes, however, long-term and more detailed studies are needed.

Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Draining of Iraqi Marshes on Kuwait's Northern Marine Environment. Part II. Sediment Associated Pollutants

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Saeed ◽  
A. N. Al-Ghadban ◽  
H. Al-Shemmari ◽  
M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
H. Al-Hashash
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Impact

Kuwait's northern marine area is considered to be the receiving basin for the influx of sediments and associated pollutants from the Shatt Al-Arb estuary. In recent years, Iraq has undertaken to drain the southern marshes, which acted as a sink for the associated pollutants. This loss of marshes is expected to have far reaching consequences on the ecology of the northern Gulf. Bottom sediments from the area likely to be impacted by the draining of the marshes were studied for a variety of parameters. The results showed that petroleum-related pollutants (Ni, V, TPH, PAH and n-alkanes) were, generally, much higher in the southern part of the study area which may be due to the tanker traffic. Spotty higher levels of petroleum were encountered in the northern area, which were of recent origin and may have been the result of the draining of marshes. Chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were not detected in any of the samples. In general, there were indications of the negative impact of the draining of the marshes, however, long-term and more detailed studies are needed.

Modeling of pollution from the wastewater discharge of the city of Limassol

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
G. C. Christodoulou ◽  
I. Ioakeim ◽  
K. Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Field Observations ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Loading

The paper presents a numerical modeling study aimed at a preliminary assessment of the impact of the planned sea outfall of the city of Limassol, Cyprus, on the waters of Akrotiri bay. First the local meteorological and oceanographic conditions as well as the loading characteristics are briefly reviewed. Two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic and dispersion models are subsequently applied to the study area. The results of the former show an eastbound flow pattern under the prevailing westerly winds, in general agreement with available field observations. The spread of BOD and N under continuous loading is then examined for eastward as well as for westward flow as an indicator for the extent of pollution to be expected. The computed concentrations are generally low and confined to the shallower parts of the bay.

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

scholarly journals The Impact of ‘Selfie’ Tourism on the Behaviour and Welfare of Brown-Throated Three-Toed Sloths

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Carder ◽  
Tinka Plese ◽  
Fernando Machado ◽  
Suzanne Paterson ◽  
Neil Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bradypus Variegatus ◽  
Focal Observation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Manipulation

The use of wild animals as photo props is prevalent across the globe and is widely recognised to represent a potential animal welfare concern. However, detailed information regarding the specific impacts of such activity on wild animal behaviour is currently lacking. Herein, we investigated how brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) were handled by tourists, and how sloths behaved during wildlife ‘selfies’ taken in Manaus, Brazil and Puerto Alegria and Iquitos in Peru. In total, we observed 17 sloths (during 70 focal observations) that were provided for use in wildlife selfies on 34 different tours. We found that an average number of 5 people held each sloth during each focal observation. For 48.6% of the time the sloths were handled in a way which involved physical manipulation of the sloths’ head and/or limbs and/or being held by the claws. From the eight different types of sloth behaviour observed, we found that the two types performed for the longest average duration of time were surveillance (55.3%) and limb stretching (12.6%). Our findings show that when being handled sloths were frequently held in ways that may compromise their welfare. Although to date the behaviour of sloths while being handled has not been reported in any published literature, in this study we document certain behaviours which may act as indicators of compromised welfare. We suggest that our data provides a potential baseline for future study into the behaviour and welfare of sloths.

scholarly journals Installation of submarine cables and pipes in shallow waters and connecting them to the shore by the method of horizontal directional drilling

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Valeriu-Florian Vasilescu ◽  
Dumitru Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subsea Tunnel ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Wind Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) as one of the most suitable technique used to reduce the impact on the environment during the submarine pipe and cable installation process, especially in the coastal area and shallow waters. HDD is a technique used to drill a subsea tunnel or under other designated area with the goal to pull a pipe or other facility through the drilled underground tunnel. With the development of the offshore natural gas and wind industry, the demand for the construction of transfer pipeline and cables has also increased. The installation of submarine pipelines and cables can have negative effects on the marine environment. This is one of the main reasons that construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists, despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source. The main objectives of this article are to emphasize the importance of using this technique but also to highlight the benefits, in particular by significantly reducing the impact on the marine environment.

scholarly journals Relationship Transformation between Israeli Settlers and West Bank Palestinians: The Case of "Roots"

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
The Impact

Against the background of on-going research on the impact of Israeli-Palestinian inter-religious dialogue for conflict resolution efforts; the authors here present a preliminary assessment of the impact and dynamics of a relatively new Israeli-Palestinian initiative known as “Roots”. It is unique in that it has provided a framework for cooperation and relationship transformation to occur between Israeli settlers and neighboring West Bank Palestinians. This paper will present an initial evaluation, concerning the background, strategic approach, impact, and challenges facing this organization in the context of relevant conflict resolution theories.

Assessing the Impact of Shallow Gas Hydrate Dissociation on Structural Integrity in Deepwater Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Suryanarayana ◽  
Miodrag Bogdanovic ◽  
Kuhanesapathy Thavaras Pathy ◽  
M. Razali Paimin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Hydrate Dissociation ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Shallow gas hydrate zones are present in some deepwater fields. During production, the shallow hydrates may dissociate due to heat-up of the near wellbore formation, which can extend radially to several meters from the wellbore. This can compromise structural integrity of the well (particularly structural strings), cause subsidence, and impact subsea equipment installations. This problem is well known, and has been addressed in the literature. An enthalpy-based transient thermal simulation is required to determine the dissociation front. Further, post-dissociation formation mechanics and well integrity assessment are complex, requiring numerical approaches such as Finite Element Analyses. In this paper, we present an approach that allows a preliminary assessment of the severity of the impact of dissociation on well integrity, so that a more complex assessment may be undertaken only for severe situations. The main objectives of the preliminary assessment are: to model hydrate dissociation front and the radial extent of dissociation as a function of depth; evaluate response of formation to this dissociation; analyze mechanical response of the well to the modified mechanical properties within dissociated zone; and confirm well integrity. The paper describes the approach, and introduces two thermal metrics to assess the likely severity of the integrity impact of hydrate dissociation. Using these metrics, the need for a more detailed analysis can be determined. Further, load analysis and integrity checks of the structural strings and the wellhead that can be performed as part of the preliminary assessment are discussed. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the approach.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document