Clariant extends oxygen scavengers range; agrees sale of masterbatches business

Absorption kinetics of three different forms of the same iron-based oxygen scavenger were studied. Oxygen scavengers were used as pellet, sheet, and film materials. Two scavenger concentrations were used for sheet and film forms. Scavenger samples were analyzed at 75 or 100% relative humidities and stored at 5, 15, and 25°C. Oxygen concentration in the headspace was measured as a function of time. Absorption kinetics was best described by the Chapman-Richards empirical growth model rather than by a first-order reaction. Arrhenius behavior was observed for variations in the final absorption rate with temperature. Absorption capacities, final absorption rates, and activation energies were evaluated and discussed. Scavenger concentration, relative humidity, and temperature effects on kinetic parameters were studied for each experimental condition. Temperature was the most important factor that affected kinetic parameters. At the relative humidity levels studied, any important effect on kinetic parameters was not observed, except on absorption capacities.

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Use of Oxygen Scavengers to Stabilize Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: A Case Study

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology ◽

10.1081/pdt-120003490 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kenneth C. Waterman ◽

Michael C. Roy

Keyword(s):

Dosage Forms ◽

Oxygen Scavengers ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

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1Chapter 6 Oxygen Scavengers

Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry ◽

10.1201/9781420092974-19 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 395-400

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Scavengers

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ABSTRACT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.97.6.870 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 870-870

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Oxygen Radical ◽

Oral Iron ◽

Oxygen Scavengers ◽

Free Oxygen Radical ◽

Free Oxygen ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Low Levels

This article addresses the unsettled controversy about the use of iron in the treatment of children with malnutrition. Although many malnourished children are iron-deficient, there are at least two reasons why oral iron may be detrimental: 1) low levels of transferrin are common in such children which decreases the absorption of oral iron, thus promoting the growth of intestinal bacteria; and 2) iron that is absorbed, but which remains unbound, is converted from the ferrous to the ferric state and becomes an aggressive and potentially damaging free oxygen radical. The authors used the bleomycin assay to quantify the free or loosely bound iron in 50 children with kwashiorkor and compared this data with that found in six children with marasmus and 12 well-nourished children. Nonprotein-bound iron was found in 58% of the children with kwashiorkor, but in none of the others. Many children who are malnourished are deficient in micronutrients, such as vitamins A and E, zinc, and glutathione, which serve as free oxygen scavengers. An imbalance in free radicals and their scavengers results in tissue damage and potentially increases the morbidity and mortality in these precarious children. If the finding of these investigators is substantiated, it will add credence to the argument advising caution in respect to oral iron therapy in children with kwashiorkor.

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