Fetal dose from radiotherapy photon beams: Physical basis, techniques to estmate radiation dose outside of the treatment field, and biological effects and professional considerations

Objective: Exposure to ionizing radiation during radiographic examination is associated with some biological effects. The study was aimed to determine the amount of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out among 60 women referred for Lumbosacral spine radiography from September 2019 to December 2019. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital ethical committee. A single-phase mobile X-ray unit was used to dispense the radiation while a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chip was used to measure the radiation dose. The TLD chip was attached to the peri-areolar region of the left breast and held in place by a transparent adhesive tape. The TLD was carefully enclosed in a black polythene sachet before and after the investigation to shield it from background radiation. After the investigation the TLD,s were sent to the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) for reading and annealing. Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 55.32±12.35years and 29.70±7.09kg/m2 respectively. The cumulative mean (±SD) ESD to the breast was 3.87±0.87mGy. The highest scatter radiation dose was observed in the age group 60-69 years. Pearson’s correlation showed a week correlation between age and ESD. Conclusion: The study showed that there were scatter radiations to the breast during lumbosacral X-Ray investigations which was was lowest among the age group 50-59years. No significant difference was seen between AP and lateral positions. The cancer risk was 1 in 6,000 indicating that there might be needed to shield the breast while performing lumbosacral X-ray.

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Acute Biological Effects of Simulating the Whole-Body Radiation Dose Distribution from a Solar Particle Event Using a Porcine Model

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rr2541.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 176 (5) ◽

pp. 649-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jolaine M. Wilson ◽

Jenine K. Sanzari ◽

Eric S. Diffenderfer ◽

Stephanie S. Yee ◽

John T. Seykora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Distribution ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Whole Body ◽

Particle Event ◽

Solar Particle ◽

Solar Particle Event

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Ionizing Radiation in Craniofacial Surgery: A Primer on Dose and Risks

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/15-350 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 446-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min-Jeong Cho ◽

Timothy Blackburn ◽

Rami R. Hallac ◽

Alex A. Kane ◽

Korgun Koral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Craniofacial Surgery ◽

Radiological Imaging ◽

Patient Harm ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Effects Of Radiation ◽

Biological Effects Of Radiation

An understanding of radiation dose and the anticipated risk to the patient is an important aspect of ordering radiological imaging studies responsibly. It is especially true for the pediatric practitioner because children are more vulnerable to the biological effects of radiation, such as radiosensitivity, longer lifetime years, and higher cellular mitotic activity. The use of fluoroscopy and computed tomography is commonplace in the practice of craniofacial surgery, but often dose reports from varied investigations are not directly comparable, and the risk of patient harm from the investigation is unclear. This article presents the fundamentals of radiation, dose, and risk as it applies to radiological imaging and also introduces our low dose craniofacial computed tomography protocol.

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