Effects of supplementation with foliage from the tree legumes Acacia angustissima, Cajanus cajan, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala on feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of sheep given maize stover ad libitum

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Masama ◽  
J.H. Topps ◽  
N.T. Ngongoni ◽  
B.V. Maasdorp
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Ad Libitum

The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Syahniar ◽  
R. Antari ◽  
D. Pamungkas ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
D. E. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Improving the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia requires greater and more efficient utilisation of underutilised feed resources such as rice straw. The experiment tested the hypothesis that an Ongole cow with low energy requirements can maintain weight (W) on a rice straw-based diet with the addition of a small amount of tree legumes. Thirty-two Ongole cross (Bos indicus) cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a randomised block design with eight cows per treatment. Cows were offered untreated rice straw ad libitum with four levels of tree legumes (0, 11, 21, and 42 g DM/kg W0.75.day) for 20 weeks. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every second week. There was no difference in total feed intake between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Intake of tree legumes was higher when more was offered (P < 0.05), but cows did not consume all of the legumes offered to them. The inclusion of tree legumes in the diet had no effect on organic matter digestibility, ME content of the diet, liveweight gain or estimated energy balance of the cows (P > 0.05). Rice straw alone contained insufficient ME and rumen-degradable N to meet the maintenance requirements of the cows. From the regression relating liveweight change and ME intake for all cows across all diets, the inclusion of tree legumes in the diet at ~12 g DM/kg W0.75.day or 2.8 g DM/kg W.day was enough to meet the energy requirements for maintenance of Ongole cows fed rice straw ad libitum.

In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumen fluid with superior capacities to digest tannin-rich fodders

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Odenyo ◽  
C. S. McSweeney ◽  
B. Palmer ◽  
D. Negassa ◽  
P. O. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
Fluid Sources

The capabilities of rumen fluid sources from indigenous African ruminants and hindgut fluid from zebra to ferment leaves of Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena pallida, and Tephrosia bracteolata were evaluated to determine the presence of tannin tolerant or degrading microbes. In vitro gas and ammonia production and loss of neutral detergent fibre were estimated as indices for fermentation. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on fermentation was tested. The ability of microorganisms in rumen fluid sources to grow in the presence of tannin extracts or tannic acid was also tested and their disappearance was determined by HPLC. There was a significant (P < 0.001) rumen fluid source × fodder type interaction with all variables studied. The highest gas and ammonia production was from samples incubated with rumen fluid from dik-dik and goat. Addition of PEG enhanced fermentation with various rumen fluid sources and from some plant leaves but its effect was greatest (P < 0.001) in A. angustissima. HPLC results showed that tannin and phenolic monomers were hydrolysed by all rumen fluid sources. The conclusion from this work was that rumen fluid from goat, gazelle, Gunther™s dik-dik, and impala effectively fermented tannin-rich fodders and therefore may harbour tannin tolerant or degrading microorganisms.

scholarly journals Feeding Value of Maize Stover Treated with Urea or Urea Molasses for Hararghe Highland Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitsum Abera ◽  
Mengistu Urge ◽  
Getachew Animut
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Present Trial

Introduction:The present trial was designed to investigate the effect of urea or urea molasses treatment of maize stover (MS) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and profitability of sheep. Twenty yearling male lambs of Hararghe Highland breed at the initial body weight of 15.4 ± 0.57 (mean ± SD) kg.Experiment:The experimental animals were sorted into five blocks based on the initial weight and assigned randomly to four treatments; namely, untreated maize stover ad libitum (T1); urea treated maize stover (UTMS) ad libitum (T2); urea-molasses treated maize stover (UMTMS) ad libitum (T3); all of which were supplemented with 300g concentrate mix of wheat bran (WB) and noug seed cake (NSC) at the ratio of 2:1 and only urea-molasses treated maize stover ad libitum (T4). Feeding trial was carried out for ninety days and digestibility trial for seven days following 3 days of adaptation to the metabolic cage and carrying the fecal collection bag.Results:The result depicted that the content of crude protein (CP) is 5.9, 8, 10, 30.1, and 17.2%, for MS, UTMS, UMTMS, NSC and WB respectively. Total DM intake was higher for T2 (700.7 g/day) and T3 (770.9 g/day) than sheep fed T1 (538.28 g/day) and T4 (481.4 g/day). Apparent DM and CP digestibility were higher for T2 and T3 than T1 and T4. Hence, urea or urea-molasses treated maize stover with concentrate supplement had a good impact on feed intake and digestibility. Conversely, urea-molasses treated maize stover alone failed to improve the feeding value of MS. Therefore, MS treatment with urea and urea-molasses with energy and protein source of supplement has a desirable alternative in enhancing the utilization of maize stover.

Integrated Soil Fertility Management Options for Maize Production and Sustainability in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Eveline Ngoran Banye ◽  
Victor François Nguetsop ◽  
Fritz Tabi Oben
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Cassia Spectabilis ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Background: Continuous cultivation without fertilizer application and soil erosion are responsible for plant nutrient depletion and yield decline of major food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: Nutrient status of Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis were characterized. Field experiments were conducted over two years in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to evaluate the effects of the application of leaf biomass of agroforestry tree species and mineral fertilizers on maize yield performance. The residual effects on soil physicochemical properties were also investigated for umbric Cambisols of Babungo and ustic Oxisols of Bansoa. Ten treatments encompassing; sole leaf biomass of Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis, leaf biomasses combined with NPK fertilizer, sole NPK fertilizer and absolute control were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Duncan Test (p < 0.05) used for mean separation.Results: All the species characterized had nitrogen, polyphenol and lignin contents greater than 2.5 %, 5 % and 15 % respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among treatments on maize growth, productivity parameters and soil chemical properties for both soil types. The highest maize grain yields were recorded in plots amended with 1 t/ha of biomass of Calliandra calothyrsus or Leucaena leucocephala as well as1.5 t/ha of biomass of Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis plus mineral fertilizer (50 N+ 37.5 P2O5 + 45 K2O) on both soils compared to other treatments.on umbric Cambisols and ustic Oxisols respectively. The residual effects of treatments on soil chemical properties showed severe nutrient depletion in control plots and those amended with sole inorganic fertilizer.Conclusions: Combined application of agroforestry tree biomass and inorganic fertilizers remains an appropriate technology to enhance maize yield and sustain production of resource-limited farmers of acid tropical soils..

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