The effect of variety on maize grain and crop residue yield and nutritive value of the stover

Voluntary dry matter intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and energy of fababean crop residue by sheep were greater (P < 0.05) than those of wheat straw, but were not significantly different from those of medium quality alfalfa-brome hay. The results indicated that the nutritive value of fababean crop residue was greater than that of wheat straw.

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Assessment for animal feed of maize kernels naturally-infected predominantly with Fusarium moniliforme and Diplodia maydis. II. Nutritive value as assessed by feeding to rats and pigs

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920783 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 783 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

KC Williams ◽

BJ Blaney ◽

RA Young ◽

RT Peters

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Ear Rot ◽

White Variety ◽

Fungal Damage ◽

Two Samples ◽

Growth Assay ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Maize Kernels ◽

Better Than

Four batches of ear-rot damaged maize grain and a batch of reportedly sound maize were assessed by rat and pig growth assay and digestibility determination in pigs. All batches were the yellow hybrid, Dekalb XL81, except one which was a white variety, Dekalb DS456W. The fungus most frequently isolated from damaged kernels was Fusarium monilifome, with the exception of one batch where Diplodia maydis was equally prevalent. Traces of aflatoxin were detected in two samples but ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and moniliformin were not detected. In the growth assays, no illness was apparent in any of the rats but scouring, vomiting and a persistent and generalized muscle tremor were observed in a number of pigs. Diets based on sound maize resulted in better (P < 0.05) growth performance of both rats and pigs than those based on mouldy maize. The apparent digestibility of the sound maize was better than each batch of mouldy yellow maize, but no better than the batch of mouldy white maize. Differences in nutritive value between the batches of maize were more closely related to the degree of fungal damage and the nature of the endosperm than to either the proximate chemical or amino acid composition of the grain. The muscle tremor observed in some pigs might have been due to undetected mycotoxins.

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A note on the apparent digestibility and nutritive value of whole cottonseed given to sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100037570 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 285-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Karalazos ◽

D. Dotas ◽

J. Bikos

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Whole Cottonseed

Four castrated crossbred (Karagouniki♂ × Friesian♀) rams were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to determine the apparent digestibility of four diets based on alfalfa hay and maize grain and containing varying proportions of whole cottonseed (WCS). The proportions of WCS studied were 0, 175, 355 and 530 g/kg diet dry matter (DM) and the respective apparent digestibility coefficients of DM were 0·744, 0·716, 0·689 and 0·625; of organic matter, 0·772, 0·739, 0·718 and 0·643; and of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), 0·409, 0·481, 0·522 and 0·472. The gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility coefficients were 0·745, 0·722, 0·704 and 0·641, for the same order of treatments. The effect of the incorporation of WCS instead of maize grain in the diet in significantly reducing DM, OM and GE digestibility was evident. The lowest digestible energy value of WCS was observed in the treatment with the highest level of WCS.

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Nutritive Value of Maize Grain

Maize Crop ◽

10.1201/9781003090182-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

A. Solaimalai ◽

P. Anantharaju ◽

S. Irulandi ◽

M. Theradimani

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Maize Grain

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Analysis of crop residue use in small holder mixed farms in Ethiopia

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170516000399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 454-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashraf Alkhtib ◽

Jane Wamatu ◽

Girma T Kassie ◽

Barbara Rischkowsky

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Education Level ◽

Extension Service ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Livestock Feeding

AbstractDeterminants of the use of cereal and pulse residue for livestock feeding and soil mulching among smallholder farmers in the mixed farming system were analyzed. Crop residue (CR) is dual purpose resources in the mixed crop–livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands. They serve as livestock feed and inputs for soil and water conservation. They are generated predominantly from cereals and pulses. However, in view of the allocation of CR, soil conservation and livestock are two competing enterprises. Identifying the determinants of the intensity of use of cereal and pulse residue may help in designing strategies for more efficient CR utilization. Data on CR were generated and its utilization was collected in two highland regions in Ethiopia from 160 households using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the multivariate Tobit model. Results of the study showed that farmers prefer using CR from pulses over CR from cereals for livestock feeding purposes. The proportion of CR from pulses that was used as feed was positively affected by education level of the farmer, livestock extension service, number of small ruminants and CR production from the previous season. Distance of farm plots from residences of the farm households negatively affected the proportions of cereal and pulse residue used for feed. The use of pulse residue increased significantly when the women participated in decision making on CR utilization. The proportion of cereal and pulse residue used for soil mulch was positively affected by the education level of the farmer, the distance between the homestead and the cultivated land, extension service, awareness about soil mulch, the slope of cultivated land, participation in farmer-to-farmer extension and CR generated in the preceding season. In view that pulse CR have better nutritive value compared with cereal CR, better utilization of CR could be achieved by maximizing the use of pulse residue as livestock feed and optimizing the use of cereal residue as soil mulch. More livestock extension on the nutritive value of pulse residue should be provided to the farmers who cultivate sloppy plots. Encouraging the culture of labor exchange among the farmers could result in increased labor availability in the farms that would facilitate the transport and storage of pulse residue and increase its use as livestock feed. Increasing the awareness among farmers about the superiority of the pulse residue over cereal residue as feed and encouraging use of cereal residue as soil mulch could optimize the utilization of CR in the household.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield Response to Tillage Methods and Fertilizer Combinations in the Midland Agro-ecological Zones of Kenya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i3.616-624.3097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Hillary Moses Omondi Otieno ◽

Shamie Zingore ◽

George N. Chemining’wa ◽

Charles K. Gachene

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Cr System ◽

Tillage Methods ◽

Residue Retention ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

The trials were set up in Busia, Embu and Kirinyaga Counties to assess the effect of tillage methods and application of different fertilizer combinations on maize productivity in the lower and upper midland agro-ecological zones of Kenya. Tillage methods were no-tillage (NT) with crop residue retention as mulch (+CR) (NT+CR) and conventional tillage (CT) without crop residue retention on farm surface (-CR) (CT-CR) while fertilizer combinations were NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, B and S nutrients were applied at the rates of 120, 40, 40, 10, 10, 5 and 26.3 kg ha-1, respectively. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and replicated three times. The results showed that maize leaf area index, plant height, aboveground biomass, crop growth rate, and grain yield were significantly higher under CT-CR than under NT+CR in most of the sites. The CT-CR system out-yielded NT+CR system by 0.3 t ha-1 and 0.6 t ha-1 maize grain in Alupe and Kirinyaga, respectively. However, NT+CR system out-yielded CT-CR system by 0.4 t ha -1 maize grain at Embu. Across all the sites, application of PK and NPK+ZnBMgCaS fertilizer combinations resulted, respectively, in lowest and highest maize shoot biomass, leaf area indices, crop growth rates, plant heights, and grain yields. Based on this result alone, the potential of conservation agriculture in improving yields compared to conventional tillage could not be conclusive despite consistently recording higher soil moisture content across all sites and better yields in Embu. Again, application of a wide range of nutrients may be beneficial to maize production in the study areas as evidenced in the study. Therefore, we recommend multi-season and multi-location trials to comprehensively assess the impact of tillage methods and fertilizer management, particularly in relation to micronutrients.

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