CONDITIONAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE MARINE STRUCTURES – A CASE STUDY

Current study mainly focusses on the development of a conditional assessment system for reinforced concrete structures present in marine environment demonstrating with a case study of cargo berths (CB) at Deendayal Port Trust, Kandla, Gujarat, India. The maximum tidal range at the study area is nearly 8m, making the field non-destructive tests (NDT) challenging. The proposed assessment system is based on the damage level classification (DLC) of structure, evaluated by a set of widely used NDTs. The study further investigates the usage of DLC system in comparison with the Condition Rating (CR) method developed by Verma et al. NDTs were conducted at 182 locations between CB 7-10 and observed that the condition of the marine structure, indicated by CR system and DLC system is similar irrespective of their different test approaches. The proposed DLC assessment system is reliable, quick, efficient and requires relatively lesser efforts compared to the CR system.

Abstract 11964: Citizen Responders Provide Emotional Support for Relatives to Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients

Introduction: A citizen responder (CR) system to activate volunteer citizens by a smartphone application (HeartRunner) to nearby cardiac arrests was implemented in 2017 in the Capital Region of Denmark. Participating in resuscitation may not only involve provision of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) but also include provision of emotional support for relatives to the cardiac arrest patient. We examined the proportion of CR who reported provision of support to relatives to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients during resuscitation attempt. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CR not only deliver CPR but also provide emotional support to relatives of OHCA patients. Methods: All CR activated by the HeartRunner app received a follow-up questionnaire 90 minutes after the alarm including questions about how CRs participated in resuscitation and whether they provided emotional support to relatives present during the resuscitation attempt. All surveys from March 12, 2020 to June 1, 2021, from CR who accepted an alarm and arrived at the cardiac arrest location were included. Results: A total of 1,868 CR responded to the survey (median age 37 years (IQR 28-37). Half (54.4%) were male and 23.9% health care professionals. CRs arrived before the emergency medical services (EMS) in almost 1/3 (28.9%) of OHCA cases with CR activation, with 227 CRs (41.9%) performing CPR and 139 (25.7%) attaching an automated external defibrillator. In total, more than 433 CRs (23.2%) reported provision of support for relatives at the OHCA location. Even though a higher proportion of support was observed among CR who arrived before the EMS, almost 12% reported provision of support to relatives even when arriving after EMS (Figure). Conclusions: Citizen responders provide not only resuscitative efforts but offer emotional support to relatives to OHCA patients. Citizen responders may be an important resource for both EMS personnel and relatives who are present at the cardiac arrest scene.

Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radios in a Cooperative Scheme over Nakagami Fading Channels

Radio spectrum is a primary requisite for wireless technologies and sensor networks. Due to the high demand and expense of the radio spectrum, it is guaranteed to extend its efficient utilization it. To expand the effective operation and serviceability of the radio spectrum in wireless communications, the notion of Cognitive Radio (CR) is presented in where the licensed spectrum of Primary User (PU) is used opportunistically by unlicensed CR users without interfering with the prioritized PU data transmission. Usually, a CR system is applied to detect empty radio bands by exploiting well-known spectrum sensing schemes and then unused spectrum is opportunistically used by the CR system. Various channels fading of the radio environment are to be considered while introducing different spectrum sensing approaches. In this regard, sensing time to find a vacant radio spectrum should be maintained minimum to reliably get the desired throughput. In this paper, an agreement issue is addressed between the time required for effective spectrum sensing and the achievable throughput of the CR network. Our proposed model illustrates the achievable throughput of CR node in cooperation provides better performance than stand-alone CR node. This is achieved by addressing the variation of the number of nodes under the Nakagami fading distribution. In conclusion, the maximum throughputs of the cooperative CR nodes are guaranteed as per simulation and data analysis.

Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radios in a Cooperative Scheme over Nakagami Fading Channels

Radio spectrum is a primary requisite for wireless technologies and sensor networks. Due to the high demand and expense of the radio spectrum, it is guaranteed to extend its efficient utilization it. To expand the effective operation and serviceability of the radio spectrum in wireless communications, the notion of Cognitive Radio (CR) is presented in where the licensed spectrum of Primary User (PU) is used opportunistically by unlicensed CR users without interfering with the prioritized PU data transmission. Usually, a CR system is applied to detect empty radio bands by exploiting well-known spectrum sensing schemes and then unused spectrum is opportunistically used by the CR system. Various channels fading of the radio environment are to be considered while introducing different spectrum sensing approaches. In this regard, sensing time to find a vacant radio spectrum should be maintained minimum to reliably get the desired throughput. In this paper, an agreement issue is addressed between the time required for effective spectrum sensing and the achievable throughput of the CR network. Our proposed model illustrates the achievable throughput of CR node in cooperation provides better performance than stand-alone CR node. This is achieved by addressing the variation of the number of nodes under the Nakagami fading distribution. In conclusion, the maximum throughputs of the cooperative CR nodes are guaranteed as per simulation and data analysis.

Features of Obtaining Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy Powders by Plasma Atomization

New requirements put forward to the modern industry to reduce harmful emissions increase the utilization rate of metal, reduce the production time of equipment, the production of components and parts from hard-to-process materials aim to introduce new technological processes. A promising technology is additive growing, which allows one to minimize the production time of unique products, to use hard-to-process alloys, for example, based on the Ni-Fe-Cr system, in their manufacture. The study was carried out by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment with subsequent processing of the results on a supercomputer. The results of the influence of the current applied to the plasma torch and the flow rate of the plasma-forming gas are presented; wire feed rates during spraying in power plants per fraction and particle size ratio in the volume of the yield of suitable. The minimum allowable yield of the product is set at 30 % with the production of fractions in the range from 40 to 140 microns. The results obtained for the Inconel 718 alloy confirmed the possibility of obtaining Ni-Cr-Fe alloy powders. The mode proposed in the work allows obtaining commodity fractions at the level of 30-35% of the mass of the sprayed feedstock. Additional tests of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of samples made from the resulting powder showed satisfactory results, similar to the results of tests of samples made from heat-treated alloy forgings.

Application Research of Individualized Conditional Reprogramming System to Guide Treatment of Gastric Cancer

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of malignant tumors in the world. Due to the high heterogeneity of GC and lack of specificity of available chemotherapy regimens, these tumors are prone to resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Here, we formulated an individualized chemotherapy regimen for GC using a modified individual conditional reprogramming (i-CR) system. We established a primary tumor cell bank of GC cells and completed drug screening in order to realize individualized and accurate GC treatment.MethodsWe collected specimens from 93 surgical or gastroscopy GC cases and established a primary tumor cell bank using the i-CR system and PDX models. We also completed in vitro culture and drug sensitivity screening of the GC cells using the i-CR system. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the i-CR cells was performed using P0 and P5. We then chose targeted chemotherapy drugs based on the i-CR system results.ResultsOf the 72 cases that were collected from surgical specimens, 26 cases were successfully cultured with i-CR system, and of the 21 cases collected from gastroscopy specimens, seven were successfully cultured. Among these, 20 cases of the PDX model were established. SRC ± G3 had the highest culture success rate. The i-CR cells of P0 and P5 appeared to be highly conserved. According to drug sensitivity screening, we examined the predictive value of responses of GC patients to chemotherapeutic agents, especially in neoadjuvant patients.ConclusionThe i-CR system does not only represent the growth characteristics of tumors in vivo, but also provides support for clinical drug use. Drug susceptibility results were relatively consistent with clinical efficacy.

Wagner interaction coefficient between nitrogen and cobalt in liquid nickel-based alloy

The report describes a simple theory of thermodynamic properties of nitrogen solutions in liquid Ni– Co alloys. This theory is completely analogous to the theory for liquid nitrogen solutions in alloys of the Fe– Cr system proposed previously by the authors in 2019. The theory is based on lattice model of the Ni– Co solutions. The model assumes FCC lattice. In the sites of this lattice are the atoms of Ni and Co. Nitrogen atoms are located in octahedral interstices. The nitrogen atom interacts only with the metal atoms located in the lattice sites neighbouring to it. This interaction is pairwise. The initial values for the calculation are the Sieverts law constants for nitrogen solubility of in liquid nickel and in liquid cobalt. The result of the calculation is the value of the Wagner interaction coefficient in liquid nickel-based alloys at 1873 K = –1,35. This value is in good agreement with the experimental data (Kowanda and Speidel, 2003).

Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.