Effects of thinning overstory paper birch on survival and growth of interior spruce in British Columbia: implications for reforestation policy and biodiversity

2000 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Simard ◽  
K.D. Hannam
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Reforestation Policy

scholarly journals Effects of manual brushing on 10-year survival and growth of Douglas-fir in the mixed broadleaf – shrub complex of southern interior British Columbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
George Harper ◽  
Kevin Brown
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Density Boundary

Manual brushing is used to minimize the competitive effects of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) and associated broadleaved trees on young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in southern interior British Columbia. Effects of brushing broadleaved trees, predominantly birch, on interior Douglas-fir survival and growth were studied on four sites. Treatments were applied when plantations were five to nine years old. Through 10 years post treatment, brushing did not affect Douglas-fir survival, but increase height by 22 % and stem diameter by 31 % and the differences were greater than seen at five years. After 10 years, linear models described a declining Douglas-fir height or diameter with increasing broadleaved tree density. Boundary line analysis was used to describe maximum treatment response to broadleaved density and two distance independent competition indices for birch and broadleaves, combining either cover or density with relative heights (CRH, DRH, respectively). A negative exponential relationship was fit to 10-year Douglas-fir heights and diameters with increasing values CRH or DRH. Competition thresholds for density, CRH and DRH were not apparent. The quantile regression results indicated the 10-year response of young Douglas-fir diameter to brushing occurred primarily with the largest 55 % to 85 % of the population, CRH and DRH respectively.

Species diversity and forest health in northwest British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J Woods
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Needle Blight

Forest management in the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone of the Kispiox TSA in northwest British Columbia has focused on two tree species. Interior spruce (Picea engelmanni Parry ex Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.) have dominated plantations, while historically, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), true firs (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. and (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), have dominated the landscape. Tomentosus root disease (Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng) and Dothistroma needle blight (Mycosphaerella pini Rostr. in Munk) are the principal diseases affecting interior spruce and lodgepole pine plantations, respectively. Tomentosus root disease was found in 92% of spruce-dominated stands 100 years and older in the study area. The annual recruitment of dead interior spruce and lodgepole pine tree volume due to the disease in those stands is 4.29 m3/ha or 51 990 m3. The incidence of Tomentosus root disease in ten randomly selected spruce leading plantations aged 25–30 years ranged from 0.6% to 10.4% and averaged 5.9% of the host trees. Dothistroma needle blight was the most prevalent pest in a survey of 100 randomly selected lodgepole pine plantations and has caused considerable crop tree mortality. The disease has even caused mortality in 55-year-old lodgepole pine trees. Maintaining species diversity is essential to long-term forest health. Intensive planting of interior spruce and lodge-pole pine in this study area appears to have exacerbated disease problems. Key words: forest health, species diversity, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Tomentosus root disease, Dothistroma needle blight

Preliminary evaluation of genetic variation of weevil resistance in interior spruce in British Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Kiss ◽  
A. D. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection For ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodesstrobi (Peck)) damage in three interior spruce open-pollinated progeny tests in north central British Columbia was evaluated to examine the patterns of attack among families. While the overall incidence of damage was different across sites (i.e., Quesnel 9%, Red Rock 37%, and Aleza Lake 63%), correlations on a family-mean basis (percentage attacked per family) at Red Rock and Quesnel as well as Red Rock and Aleza Lake were significant (r = 0.63 and 0.71, respectively). Estimates of family heritability across sites for damage was high (hf = 0.77 ± 0.11), but individual heritability was only moderate (hi = 0.18 ± 0.03). More vigorous families, as determined by 10-year family mean height superiority prior to weevil attack, were damaged less frequently than those with average and poorer performance. Negative correlations of mean family height at 10 years of age with incidence of damage (on a family-mean basis) and mean family diameter with incidence of damage were significant (r = −0.51 and −0.44, respectively). These data suggest that there is a moderate genetic basis for resistance to weevil attack in interior spruce and that selection for height and diameter growth may improve resistance to weevil attack.

scholarly journals Juvenile Height Development in Interior Spruce Stands of British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Nigh ◽  
Bobby A. Love
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Height Model

Abstract Good estimates of juvenile heights are important for silviculture and timber supply decision-making. These height estimates are particularly important for estimating the number of years it takes a stand to reach green-up and breast height. Thirty-nine 0.04 ha plots were established in managed juvenile stands of interior spruce in the Prince Rupert Forest Region. Four sample trees in each plot were split longitudinally and height-age data were obtained from the exposed pith nodes or branch whorls. The height-age data were fit to a combined exponential and power function to create a juvenile height model for interior spruce. This model is a function of age and site index. Years to breast height and green-up age models were developed with data generated from the juvenile height model. Forecasts from these models indicate that the time to reach breast height and green-up age is less than previously expected. The juvenile height model, years to breast height model, and green-up age model should be used for site indices above 14.2 m. In addition, the height model should only be used up to total age 20. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):117-121.

Physiological responses of paper birch to thinning in British Columbia

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian R. Wang ◽  
Suzanne W. Simard ◽  
J.P. (Hamish) Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Paper Birch

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of greenhouse-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by inoculum associated with the roots of refuge plants sampled from a Douglas-fir forest in the southern interior of British Columbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Hagerman ◽  
Daniel M Durall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Salix Bebbiana ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse in a sterilized mixture of forest soil and vermiculite, which had been inoculated with root fragments from one of six different ectomycorrhizal under story plant species (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, P. menziessi, Salix bebbiana Bebb, Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata (Regel) Ä. Löve & and D. Löve (alder), Betula papyrifera Marsh. (paper birch), Populus tremuloides Michx.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. (pinegrass) sampled from a dry Douglas-fir forest in the southern interior of British Columbia. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate the inoculum potential of these ectomycorrhizal roots for colonizing Douglas-fir seedlings. A total of seven ectomycorrhizal morphotypes formed on the bioassay seedlings, which were colonized by all treatments except the control. Seedlings growing in soil inoculated with root fragments of Douglas-fir, Arctostaphylos, and paper birch had greater ectomycorrhizal richness and a higher percentage of colonized fine roots relative to the pinegrass and alder treatments. The community of ectomycorrhizal fungi that colonized the bioassay seedlings differed from that associated with some of the same refuge plants assessed in a previously reported field-based study at this site. Different ectomy corrhizal fungal colonization strategies and the retention of refuge plants are discussed in relation to the colonization of outplanted seedlings following clearcutting.Key words: ectomycorrhizae, refuge plants, inoculum potential, soil bioassay, Pseudotsuga menziesii.

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