Preliminary evaluation of genetic variation of weevil resistance in interior spruce in British Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Kiss ◽  
A. D. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection For ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodesstrobi (Peck)) damage in three interior spruce open-pollinated progeny tests in north central British Columbia was evaluated to examine the patterns of attack among families. While the overall incidence of damage was different across sites (i.e., Quesnel 9%, Red Rock 37%, and Aleza Lake 63%), correlations on a family-mean basis (percentage attacked per family) at Red Rock and Quesnel as well as Red Rock and Aleza Lake were significant (r = 0.63 and 0.71, respectively). Estimates of family heritability across sites for damage was high (hf = 0.77 ± 0.11), but individual heritability was only moderate (hi = 0.18 ± 0.03). More vigorous families, as determined by 10-year family mean height superiority prior to weevil attack, were damaged less frequently than those with average and poorer performance. Negative correlations of mean family height at 10 years of age with incidence of damage (on a family-mean basis) and mean family diameter with incidence of damage were significant (r = −0.51 and −0.44, respectively). These data suggest that there is a moderate genetic basis for resistance to weevil attack in interior spruce and that selection for height and diameter growth may improve resistance to weevil attack.

scholarly journals Role of genetic resistance in managing ecosystems susceptible to white pine weevil

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
White Pine Weevil

This paper describes the conditions that make stands of spruce (Picea spp. susceptible to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in British Columbia and discusses how host genetic resistance could be utilized to complement silvicultural tactics in the management of this pest. Key words: Pissodes strobi, pest management, Picea spp., silviculture

Delivering Sitka spruce with resistance against white pine weevil in British Columbia, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (02) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
John N. King ◽  
Lara vanAkker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr) breeding program for resistance against the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is arguably one of the most successful pest resistance breeding programs for plantation forest species in North America, with a substantial proportion of the planting stock in BC and Washington State currently coming from this breeding program. Using conventional selection and breeding, and by screening Sitka spruce populations using artificial weevil infestations, we identified sources of heritable and stable weevil resistance. We also used this program to investigate potential causes behind this resistance and identified several heritable resistance mechanisms, including anatomical characteristics, such as constitutive resin canals and sclereid cells in the bark, terpene defenses and variation in tree phenology. We concluded that resistance is conferred by a suite of traits whose composition varies among resistant sources. In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of screening for resistance using weevil population enhancement as a screening method. Our results culminated in the establishment of seed orchards, and the availability of resistant seed that is contributing to the return of Sitka spruce as a species of choice in coastal British Columbia.

Terpenoid metabolite profiling in Sitka spruce identifies association of dehydroabietic acid, (+)-3-carene, and terpinolene with resistance against white pine weevil

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A. Robert ◽  
Lufiani L. Madilao ◽  
Rick White ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
John King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The white pine weevil ( Pissodes strobi Peck) is an important insect pest in the Pacific Northwest that attacks the apical stem leaders of spruce ( Picea spp.) causing damage to tree form, growth, and stand development. Because of attacks by weevils, Sitka spruce ( P. sitchensis Bong.) is not commonly replanted as a commercial species in coastal British Columbia, despite its economic and ecological importance. In the last decade, the focus of research on Sitka spruce resistance against weevils has moved from silvicultural approaches to breeding for resistance. The British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, in collaboration with the Canadian Forest Service, has developed a successful program to screen populations and select tree genotypes for resistance to weevil attack. Part of this effort has been the establishment of clonebanks that contain genotypes from throughout the range of Sitka spruce. For metabolite profiling, using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry, we analysed 111 different genotypes to determine the relationship of mono- and di-terpenoid oleoresin compounds with the resistance rating. Dehydroabietic acid, a diterpene, was identified as a strong indicator of resistance. Two monoterpenes, (+)-3-carene and terpinolene, were also associated with resistance in genotypes originating from one of the areas (Haney) in which resistance has been noted.

Genotype by environment interaction and its implications for genetic improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
C -Y Xie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
North Central ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Generation Progeny

Ten-year height data from 232 open-pollinated interior spruce families tested in five seed planning zones located in north-central interior British Columbia were used to investigate the extent and pattern of genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and to examine the validity of the seed planning zone delineation in this region. The G×E interaction in the entire region was both statistically and practically significant, with an estimated type b genetic correlation coefficient of 0.64. The detected geographic pattern of the G×E interaction indicates that the old delineation is overly conservative, and consolidating the five old zones into the two new zones is a valid decision. A procedure was developed to convert the expected genetic gain, with respect to the old zone, to the new zone when seed from a rogued local seed orchard is used for reforestation in the entire new zone. A similar procedure was also proposed to predict the breeding value of an individual that was only tested in the old zone of its origin with respect to the new zone. Given the detected amounts of the G×E interaction, and considering other factors, using three to five sites in each new zone for the second-generation progeny testing seems to be appropriate.

FEEDING RESPONSES OF THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (PECK) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN RELATION TO HOST RESISTANCE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Tomlin ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Oviposition Deterrency ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractFeeding preferences of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), for resistant or susceptible Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr., were investigated using three types of laboratory bioassay. In paired-twig bioassays, fall weevils were significantly deterred from feeding up to 80% by resistant clones from four British Columbia provenances: Green Timbers, Cedarvale, Haney, and Big Qualicum. Females showed greater discrimination than males. Spring weevils were deterred from feeding by clones from the Green Timbers and Big Qualicum provenances by up to 60%. Fall males were more consistently deterred than spring males, suggesting that some host selection occurs in the fall. Females were significantly deterred from ovipositing on twigs from one clone from Big Qualicum, and stimulated by clones from Cedarvale when given a choice. Given no choice, however, they were significantly deterred from ovipositing, but not feeding by several resistant clones. In agar-disc bioassays, spring weevils were significantly deterred from feeding by bark from the provenances of Cedarvale and Big Qualicum by up to 86%. Trees from the provenances of Big Qualicum and Green Timbers caused the most consistent feeding or oviposition deterrency and may rely on this in part as a resistance mechanism. Because not all resistant clones and provenances were deterrent, we hypothesize that these trees may employ other resistance mechanisms which could be incorporated along with feeding and oviposition deterrency into breeding for resistance.

Heritability estimates for height for young interior spruce in British Columbia

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kiss ◽  
F.C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
North Central ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Good Site ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Brush Control

Height growth for interior spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. engelmannii Parry) after 3, 6, and 10 growing seasons was assessed in a progeny test of 174 wind-pollinated families at three test sites in north central British Columbia. Test sites had a major influence on the juvenile growth of interior spruce, reflecting differences in potential site productivity as well as the importance of good site preparation and subsequent brush control for spruce seedlings. Mean heights within and across sites differed among families. The 3- and 6-year family performances correlated with family performances at age 10. Family–site interaction was significant at the 1% probability level, but accounted for no more than a quarter of the family variance at the three assessment years. Performance of the top and bottom 25% of families was consistent across the three sites. The narrow-sense heritability estimates after the third, sixth, and tenth growing seasons were 0.52, 0.36, and 0.29, respectively. The corresponding family heritability estimates were 0.82, 0.73, and 0.67, respectively.

The effects of overstory shading on white pine weevil damage to white spruce and its effects on spruce growth rates

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Taylor ◽  
C. Delong ◽  
R.I. Alfaro ◽  
L. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil ◽  
Extensive Damage

A retrospective study was conducted in 1993 that quantified the effects of overstory shading on both spruce weevil (Pissodesstrobi (Peck)) and leader growth on white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss × Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm.). The study was undertaken in the interior of British Columbia, where the weevil is causing extensive damage to plantations of white spruce. Shading on the spruce trees was measured by calculating the light interception index and percent overstory cover on individual white spruce trees at the centre of a 2.52 m radius plot. Current weevil attacks decreased significantly with increasing overstory cover, and the rate of decrease was greater in heavily versus lightly attacked stands. Shading also decreased leader growth. These results indicate that the optimum level of overstory removal may be a compromise between volume loss due to overstory competition and volume gain due to decreased weevil attacks.

Effects of fertilization on resin canal defences and incidence of Pissodes strobi attack in interior spruce

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara vanAkker ◽  
René I Alfaro ◽  
Robert Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The effects of six fertilization treatments on tree height and incidence of attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), on interior spruce (a hybrid, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) were explored in a field study. In a corresponding laboratory study, changes in constitutive and traumatic resin canal defences in response to fertilization were measured. Incidence of weevil attack increased with fertilization intensity. This trend was explained by increased resources available for weevil feeding (adults and larvae) as a result of increased leader size and bark thickness, as well as by an observed weakening in the tree's constitutive resin canal defences. The ability of interior spruce to produce a traumatic resin response was not influenced by fertilization. Although incidence of weevil attack was greatest in trees from the most intense fertilization treatments, height losses due to weevil attack were not as great as height gains due to fertilization treatment. Therefore, we concluded that fertilization is a feasible option for increasing productivity of interior spruce plantations, particularly if other weevil control alternatives are implemented.

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