The demonstration of nitric oxide in cochlear blood vessels in vivo and in vitro: the role of endothelial nitric oxide in venular permeability

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Shi ◽  
Alfred L Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Phaseolin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Su-Jung Hwang ◽  
Ye-Seul Song ◽  
Hyo-Jong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Constituents

Kushen (Radix Sophorae flavescentis) is used to treat ulcerative colitis, tumors, and pruritus. Recently, phaseolin, formononetin, matrine, luteolin, and quercetin, through a network pharmacology approach, were tentatively identified as five bioactive constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of S. flavescentis. However, the role of phaseolin (one of the primary components of S. flavescentis) in the direct regulation of inflammation and inflammatory processes is not well known. In this study, the beneficial role of phaseolin against inflammation was explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models of RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae. Phaseolin inhibited LPS-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability. In addition, phaseolin suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phaseolin reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity as well as macrophage adhesion in vitro and the recruitment of leukocytes in vivo by downregulating Ninjurin 1 (Ninj1), an adhesion molecule. Finally, phaseolin inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In view of the above, our results suggest that phaseolin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammation.

scholarly journals Novel Insights on the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Ovary: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Budani ◽  
Gian Mario Tiboni
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Oocyte Meiotic Maturation

Nitric oxide (NO) is formed during the oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the action of multiple isoenzymes of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), endotelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). NO plays a relevant role in the vascular endothelium, in central and peripheral neurons, and in immunity and inflammatory systems. In addition, several authors showed a consistent contribution of NO to different aspects of the reproductive physiology. The aim of the present review is to analyse the published data on the role of NO within the ovary. It has been demonstrated that the multiple isoenzymes of NOS are expressed and localized in the ovary of different species. More to the point, a consistent role was ascribed to NO in the processes of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and oocyte meiotic maturation in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models. Unfortunately, there are few nitric oxide data for humans; there are preliminary data on the implication of nitric oxide for oocyte/embryo quality and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) parameters. NO plays a remarkable role in the ovary, but more investigation is needed, in particular in the context of human ovarian physiology.

Abstract 237: PRMT1-p53-Slug Axis Regulates Epicardial EMT and Ventricular Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olan Jackson-Weaver ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yongchao Gou ◽  
Yibu Chen ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Epicardial Cells ◽  
Coronary Blood Vessels

Rationale: Epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal trasition (EMT) is a vital process in embryonic heart development. During EMT, epicardial cells acquire migratory and invasive properties, and differentiate into new cell types, including cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. Non-histone protein methylation is an emerging modulator of cell signaling. We have recently established a role for protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) in TGF-β-induced EMT in cultured cells. Objective: To determine the role of PRMT1 in epicardial EMT. Methods and Results: We investigated the role of PRMT1 in epicardial EMT in mouse epicardial cells. Embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) tamoxifen administration of WT1-Cre ERT ;PRMT1 fl/fl ;ROSA-YFP fl/fl mouse embryos was used to delete PRMT1 in the epicardium. Epicardial PRMT1 deletion led to reduced epicardial migration into the myocardium, a thinner compact myocardial layer, and dilated coronary blood vessels at E15.5. Using the epicardial cell line MEC1, we found that PRMT1 siRNA prevented the increase in mesenchymal proteins Slug and Fibronectin and the decrease in epithelial protein E-Cadherin during TGF-β treatment-induced EMT. PRMT1 siRNA also reduced the migration and invasion of MEC1 cells. We further identified that PRMT1 siRNA also increased the expression of p53, a key regulator of the Slug degradation pathway. PRMT1 siRNA increases p53 expression by decreasing p53 degradation, and shifted p53 localization to the cytoplasm. In vitro methylation assays further demonstrated that PRMT1 methylates p53. Knockdown of p53 increased Slug levels and enhanced EMT, establishing p53 as a regulator of epicardial EMT through controlling Slug expression. Furthermore, RNAseq experiments in MEC1 cells demonstrated that 40% (545/1,351) of TGF-β-induced transcriptional changes were prevented by PRMT1 siRNA. Furthermore, when p53 and PRMT1 were simultaneously knocked down, TGF-β induced transcriptional control of 37% (201/545) of these PRMT1-dependent genes was restored. Conclusions: The PRMT1-p53-Slug pathway is necessary for epicardial EMT in cultured MEC1 cells as well as in the epicardium in vivo . Epicardial PRMT1 is required for the development of compact myocardium and coronary blood vessels.

Nitric oxide enhancement of erythropoietin production in the isolated perfused rat kidney

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. C917-C922 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshioka ◽  
J. W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney ◽  
Intracellular Cgmp ◽  
Perfused Rat Kidney ◽  
Arterial Po2

We have previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) may be involved in the regulation of erythropoietin (Epo) production in response to hypoxia both in vivo and in vitro (20). In the present studies, we have used the isolated perfused rat kidney to assess the role of NO in oxygen sensing and Epo production. When arterial PO2 was reduced from 100 mmHg (normoxemic) to 30 mmHg (hypoxemic) in the perfusate of this system, perfusate levels of Epo were significantly increased. This hypoxia-induced increase in Epo production was significantly decreased by the addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 mM) to the perfusates. Hypoxemic perfusion also produced a significant increase, and L-NAME significantly inhibited this increase, in intracellular cGMP levels in the kidney when compared with normoxemic perfused kidneys. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction also revealed that hypoxemic perfusion produced significant increases in Epo mRNA levels in the kidney, which was blocked by L-NAME. Our findings further support an important role for the NO/cGMP system in hypoxic regulation of Epo production.

scholarly journals Can endothelial hemoglobin-α regulate nitric oxide vasodilatory signaling?

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. H854-H866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimit Parikh ◽  
Adam Kapela ◽  
Nikolaos M. Tsoukias
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

We used mathematical modeling to investigate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatory signaling in the arteriolar wall. Detailed continuum cellular models of calcium (Ca2+) dynamics and membrane electrophysiology in smooth muscle and endothelial cells (EC) were coupled with models of NO signaling and biotransport in an arteriole. We used this theoretical approach to examine the role of endothelial hemoglobin-α (Hbα) as a modulator of NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback, as previously suggested in Straub et al. ( Nature 491: 473–477, 2012). The model considers enriched expression of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels and Hbα in myoendothelial projections (MPs) between the two cell layers. The model suggests that NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback is plausible if a significant percentage of eNOS is localized within or near the myoendothelial projection. Model results show that the ability of Hbα to regulate the myoendothelial feedback is conditional to its colocalization with eNOS near MPs at concentrations in the high nanomolar range (>0.2 μM or 24,000 molecules). Simulations also show that the effect of Hbα observed in in vitro experimental studies may overestimate its contribution in vivo, in the presence of blood perfusion. Thus, additional experimentation is required to quantify the presence and spatial distribution of Hbα in the EC, as well as to test that the strong effect of Hbα on NO signaling seen in vitro, translates also into a physiologically relevant response in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mathematical modeling shows that although regulation of nitric oxide signaling by hemoglobin-α (Hbα) is plausible, it is conditional to its presence in significant concentrations colocalized with endothelial nitric oxide synthase in myoendothelial projections. Additional experimentation is required to test that the strong effect of Hbα seen in vitro translates into a physiologically relevant response in vivo

Nitric oxide mediates mitogenic effect of VEGF on coronary venular endothelium

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. H411-H415 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morbidelli ◽  
C. H. Chang ◽  
J. G. Douglas ◽  
H. J. Granger ◽  
F. Ledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Mitogenic Effect ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Proliferative Effect

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted protein that is a specific growth factor for endothelial cells. We have recently demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) donors and vasoactive peptides promoting NO-mediated vasorelaxation induce angiogenesis in vivo as well as endothelial cell growth and motility in vitro; in contrast, inhibitors of NO synthase suppress angiogenesis. In this study we investigated the role of NO in mediating the mitogenic effect of VEGF on cultured microvascular endothelium isolated from coronary postcapillary venules. VEGF induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. The role of NO was determined by monitoring proliferation or guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the presence and absence of NO synthase blockers. The proliferative effect evoked by VEGF was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with NO synthase inhibitors. Exposure of the cells to VEGF induced a significant increment in cGMP levels. This effect was potentiated by superoxide dismutase addition and was abolished by NO synthase inhibitors. VEGF stimulates proliferation of postcapillary endothelial cells through the production of NO and cGMP accumulation.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro role of cholecystokinin in nitric oxide

Critical Care ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. P10
Author(s):  
R Simone Saia ◽  
EC Cárnio
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide

Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of leucocyte recruitment

2000 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. HICKEY
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adhesive Interactions ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Leucocyte Recruitment

Constitutively produced nitric oxide released by endothelial cells has been shown to act as an endogenous agent which inhibits the rolling and adhesion of leucocytes in the microcirculation. However, during various types of inflammation, expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can dramatically increase the amount of nitric oxide present in tissues. Furthermore, as iNOS can be expressed by a wide variety of cell types, the distribution of nitric oxide is likely to be altered relative to that in unstimulated tissue. Under these conditions, it is less well understood whether iNOS-derived nitric oxide retains the anti-adhesive capabilities of constitutively produced nitric oxide. This review summarizes work done to examine this issue. Three main approaches have been used. In vitro studies have examined the role of iNOS in adhesive interactions between stimulated endothelial cells and leucocytes, providing evidence of an anti-adhesive effect of iNOS. In addition, the role of iNOS has been examined in vivo in animal models of inflammation using pharmacological iNOS inhibitors. These experiments were extended by the advent of the iNOS-deficient (iNOS-/-) mouse. Intravital microscopy studies of these mice have indicated that, under conditions of low-dose endotoxaemia, iNOS-derived nitric oxide can inhibit leucocyte rolling and adhesion. The potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed. In contrast, several other studies have observed either no effect or an enhancing effect of iNOS on inflammatory leucocyte recruitment. Taken together, these studies suggest that the importance of iNOS in modulating leucocyte recruitment can vary according to the type of inflammatory response.

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