Inflammatory mediators and otitis media with effusion. An experimental approach using cell culture

ABSTRACT Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common inflammatory disease that primarily affects children. OME is defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation of the middle ear (ME), without any signs of infection and with effusion persisting in the ME for more than 3 months. The precise pathogenesis is, however, not fully understood. Here, we comprehensively characterized and compared the host immune responses (inflammatory cells and mediators) and the overall microbial community composition (microbiota) present in matched middle ear effusion (MEE) samples, external ear canal (EEC) lavages, and nasopharynx (NPH) samples from children with OME. Female patients had significantly increased percentages of T lymphocytes and higher levels of a wide array of inflammatory mediators in their MEE compared to that of male patients, which were unrelated to microbiota composition. The relative abundances of identified microorganisms were strongly associated with their niche of origin. Furthermore, specific inflammatory mediators were highly correlated with certain bacterial species. Interestingly, some organisms displayed a niche-driven inflammation pattern in which presence of Haemophilus spp. and Corynebacterium propinquum in MEE was accompanied by proinflammatory mediators, whereas their presence in NPH was accompanied by anti-inflammatory mediators. For Turicella and Alloiococcus, we found exactly the opposite results, i.e., an anti-inflammatory profile when present in MEE, whereas their presence in the the NPH was accompanied by a proinflammatory profile. Together, our results indicate that immune responses in children with OME are highly niche- and microbiota-driven, but gender-based differences were also observed, providing novel insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms behind OME.

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324 Inflammatory mediators in children with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/0091-6749(91)91607-u ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

T LOWER ◽

R OTTE ◽

M CASSELBRANT ◽

D SKONER ◽

L SCHWARTZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion

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Comparison of Cytokine Levels in Bilateral Ear Effusions in Patients with Otitis Media Secretoria

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.012 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 450-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Svjetlana Matkovic ◽

Danilo Vojvodic ◽

Ivan Baljosevic

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Specific Enzyme ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Bilateral Difference ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the site of primary pathology in otitis media with effusion. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-7 were measured in 54 pairs (108 samples) using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS: The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-1β, IL-8, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and cytokines with immunoregulatory potential IFN-7, IL-2 were different between both ears of the same patient. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in one individual both ears have different immunological processes or rates and this has implications on using the opposite ear as a control in clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE: Profiles of interlink of examined cytokines within the samples of both ear effusions were significantly different. A significant bilateral difference was found in the levels of IFN-7.

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Inflammatory Mediators in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.1001/archotol.1988.01860220065025 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 114 (10) ◽

pp. 1131-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. P. Skoner ◽

P. K. Stillwagon ◽

M. L. Casselbrandt ◽

E. P. Tanner ◽

W. J. Doyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Chronic Otitis Media

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Nystagmus in adult patients with acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion without dizziness

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250357

Author(s):

Chang-Hee Kim ◽

Jiyeon Lee ◽

BoYoon Choi ◽

Jung Eun Shin

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Positional Nystagmus ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Biochemical Alteration ◽

Inner Ear Fluids

The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and patterns of nystagmus in adult patients with acute otitis media (AOM) or otitis media with effusion (OME) without dizziness or vertigo, and discuss possible mechanisms. From February 2018 to November 2018, 34 consecutive patients with AOM or OME without dizziness were included. Nystagmus was examined with video Frenzel glasses. Of 34 adult AOM or OME patients without dizziness, nystagmus was observed in 28 patients (82%). In unilateral AOM or OME (n = 30), the most commonly observed nystagmus pattern was irritative-type direction-fixed nystagmus (n = 13), followed by paretic-type direction-fixed nystagmus (n = 8), and direction-changing positional nystagmus (n = 4). In bilateral AOM or OME (n = 4), direction-fixed nystagmus and direction-changing positional nystagmus were observed in two and one patients, respectively. Nystagmus was observed in as many as 82% of adult AOM or OME patients even though they did not complain of dizziness, and the pattern of nystagmus was either direction-fixed or direction-changing. Direct effect of inflammatory mediators penetrated from the middle ear and biochemical alteration in the inner ear fluids due to blood-perilymph barrier dysfunction may result in the presence of nystagmus in AOM or OME patients without dizziness.

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