scholarly journals FACILITY LEVEL VARIATION IN THE REPORTING OF STATIN-ASSOCIATED SIDE EFFECTS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Jia ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
David Ramsey ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Facility Level

scholarly journals Utilization Rates of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Facility-Level Variation Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the Department of Veterans Affairs

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
David J. Ramsey ◽  
Michelle T. Lee ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Rate Ratios

<i>Objective:</i> There is mounting evidence regarding the cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is paucity of data assessing real-world practice patterns for these drug classes. We aimed to assess utilization rates of these drug classes and facility-level variation in their utilization. <p> </p> <p><i>Research Design and Methods:</i> We used the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system dataset from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and included patients with established ASCVD and T2DM. Among these patients, we assessed the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA and the facility-level variation in their utilization. Facility-level variation was computed using median rate ratios (MRR), a measure of likelihood that two random facilities differ in use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in patients with ASCVD and T2DM. </p> <p> </p> <p><i>Results:</i> Among 537,980 patients with ASCVD and T2DM across 130 VA facilities, 11.2% of patients received SGLT2i while 8.0% of patients received GLP-1RA. Patients receiving these cardioprotective glucose-lowering drug classes were on average younger and had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, median (10<sup>th</sup>-90<sup>th</sup> percentile) facility-level rates were 14.92% (9.31%-22.50%) for SGLT2i and 10.88% (4.44%-17.07%) for GLP-1RA. There was significant facility level variation among SGLT2-Is utilization - MRR<sub>unadjusted</sub> (95% CI):1.41 (1.35-1.47) and MRR<sub>adjusted</sub> (95% CI): 1.55 (1.46 – 1.63). Similar facility level variation was observed for utilization of GLP-1 RA – MRR<sub>unadjusted</sub> (95% CI):1.34 (1.29-1.38) and MRR<sub>adjusted </sub>(95% CI): 1.78 (1.65 – 1.90).</p> <p> </p> <p><i>Conclusions:</i> Overall utilization rates of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA among eligible patients are low with significantly higher residual facility-level variation in utilization of these drug classes. Our results suggest opportunities to optimize their use to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events among these patients. </p>

scholarly journals Utilization Rates of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Facility-Level Variation Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the Department of Veterans Affairs

Diabetes Care ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
David J. Ramsey ◽  
Michelle T. Lee ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Facility Level

OBJECTIVE There is mounting evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is paucity of data assessing real-world practice patterns for these drug classes. We aimed to assess utilization rates of these drug classes and facility-level variation in their use. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system data set from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 and included patients with established ASCVD and T2DM. Among these patients, we assessed the use of SGLT2-I and GLP-1 RA and the facility-level variation in their use. Facility-level variation was computed using median rate ratios (MRR), a measure of likelihood that two random facilities differ in use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in patients with ASCVD and T2DM. RESULTS Among 537,980 patients with ASCVD and T2DM across 130 VA facilities, 11.2% of patients received an SGLT2i while 8.0% of patients received a GLP-1 RA. Patients receiving these cardioprotective glucose-lowering drug classes were on average younger and had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, median (10th–90th percentile) facility-level rates were 14.92% (9.31–22.50) for SGLT2i and 10.88% (4.44–17.07) for GLP-1 RA. There was significant facility-level variation among SGLT2-Is use—MRRunadjusted: 1.41 (95% CI 1.35–1.47) and MRRadjusted: 1.55 (95% CI 1.46 –1.63). Similar facility-level variation was observed for use of GLP-1 RA—MRRunadjusted: 1.34 (95% CI 1.29–1.38) and MRRadjusted: 1.78 (95% CI1.65–1.90). CONCLUSIONS Overall utilization rates of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA among eligible patients are low, with significantly higher residual facility-level variation in the use of these drug classes. Our results suggest opportunities to optimize their use to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events among these patients.

scholarly journals Utilization Rates of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Facility-Level Variation Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the Department of Veterans Affairs

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
David J. Ramsey ◽  
Michelle T. Lee ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Rate Ratios

<i>Objective:</i> There is mounting evidence regarding the cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is paucity of data assessing real-world practice patterns for these drug classes. We aimed to assess utilization rates of these drug classes and facility-level variation in their utilization. <p> </p> <p><i>Research Design and Methods:</i> We used the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system dataset from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and included patients with established ASCVD and T2DM. Among these patients, we assessed the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA and the facility-level variation in their utilization. Facility-level variation was computed using median rate ratios (MRR), a measure of likelihood that two random facilities differ in use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in patients with ASCVD and T2DM. </p> <p> </p> <p><i>Results:</i> Among 537,980 patients with ASCVD and T2DM across 130 VA facilities, 11.2% of patients received SGLT2i while 8.0% of patients received GLP-1RA. Patients receiving these cardioprotective glucose-lowering drug classes were on average younger and had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, median (10<sup>th</sup>-90<sup>th</sup> percentile) facility-level rates were 14.92% (9.31%-22.50%) for SGLT2i and 10.88% (4.44%-17.07%) for GLP-1RA. There was significant facility level variation among SGLT2-Is utilization - MRR<sub>unadjusted</sub> (95% CI):1.41 (1.35-1.47) and MRR<sub>adjusted</sub> (95% CI): 1.55 (1.46 – 1.63). Similar facility level variation was observed for utilization of GLP-1 RA – MRR<sub>unadjusted</sub> (95% CI):1.34 (1.29-1.38) and MRR<sub>adjusted </sub>(95% CI): 1.78 (1.65 – 1.90).</p> <p> </p> <p><i>Conclusions:</i> Overall utilization rates of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA among eligible patients are low with significantly higher residual facility-level variation in utilization of these drug classes. Our results suggest opportunities to optimize their use to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events among these patients. </p>

Predictors of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Inhibitor Prescriptions for Secondary Prevention of Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Blumenthal ◽  
Thomas M. Maddox ◽  
Krishna Aragam ◽  
Chana A. Sacks ◽  
Salim S. Virani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Practice Level

Background: Little is known about patterns of PCSK9i (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor) use among patients with established clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study’s objective was to describe PCSK9i prescribing patterns among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: We used a national outpatient clinic registry linked to zip-code level on household income from the US Census to assess characteristics of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) <190 mg/dL between September 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019, who did and did not receive PCSK9i prescriptions and practice-level and temporal variation in PCSK9i prescriptions. We assessed predictors of PCSK9i prescription with a multivariable mixed effects regression model which included patient covariates as fixed effects and the cardiology practice as a random effect. Adjusted practice-level variation in PCSK9i prescribing was evaluated with median odds ratio (OR). Results: Of 2 148 100 patients meeting study inclusion criteria, 27 249 (1.3%) received PCSK9i prescriptions. Receiving a PCSK9i prescription was associated with White race (versus non-White: OR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.55–1.83]); high estimated household income (versus low income: OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08–1.29]), and urban or suburban (versus rural) practice location (urban: OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.32–1.64]; suburban: OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.13–1.39]). Hispanics had lower odds of receiving PCSK9i prescriptions (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57–0.76]). The adjusted median odds ratio was 2.68 (95% CI, 2.46–2.94), consistent with clinically significant practice-level variation in PCSK9i prescriptions. No differences in quarterly PCSK9i prescription rates were observed before and after price reductions for evolocumab and alirocumab initiated during the fourth quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2019, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights racial, socioeconomic, geographic, and practice-level variations in early PCSK9i prescriptions which persist despite adjustment for clinical and demographic factors. After adjustment, 2 randomly selected practices would differ in likelihood of PCSK9i prescription by a factor of >2.

scholarly journals Treatment with Statins in Elderly Patients

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra-Nicoleta Horodinschi ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽  
Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Daniel George Radavoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Elderly patients are a special category of patients, due to the physiological changes induced by age, the great number of comorbidities and drug treatment and last, but not least, to the cognitive dysfunction frequently encountered in this population. Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals worldwide. The rate of cardiovascular events increases after 65 years in men and after 75 years in women. Myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading disorders caused by atherosclerosis, that lead to death or functional incapacity. Elderly people have a greater risk to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The incidence and prevalence of atherosclerosis increase with age and the number of cardiovascular events is higher in elderly patients. The most efficient treatment against atherosclerosis is the treatment with statins, that has been shown to decrease the risk both of stroke and coronary artery disease in all age groups. The advantages of the treatment become evident after at least one year of treatment. Primary prevention is the most important way of preventing cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals, by promoting a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk factors. Secondary prevention after a stroke or myocardial infarction includes mandatory a statin, to diminish the risk of a recurrent cardiovascular event. The possible side effects of statin therapy are diabetes mellitus, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity. The side effects of the treatment are more likely to occur in elderly patients, due to their multiple associated comorbidities and drugs that may interact with statins. In elderly people, the benefits and disadvantages of the treatment with statins should be put in balance, especially in those receiving high doses of statins.

scholarly journals Shared Decisions: A Qualitative Study on Clinician and Patient Perspectives on Statin Therapy and Statin‐Associated Side Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Ahmed ◽  
Julia M. Akeroyd ◽  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
Richard Street ◽  
Jason Slagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Statin Use

Background Despite guideline recommendations and clinical trial data suggesting benefit, statin therapy use in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains suboptimal. The aim of this study was to understand clinician and patient views on statin therapy, statin‐associated side effects (SASEs), SASE management, and communication around statin risks and benefits. Methods and Results We conducted qualitative interviews of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who had SASEs (n=17) and clinicians who regularly prescribe statins (n=20). We used directed content analysis, facilitated by Atlas.ti software, to develop and revise codebooks for clinician and patient interviews. The most relevant codes were “pile sorted” into 5 main topic domains: (1) SASEs vary in severity, duration, and time of onset; (2) communication practices by clinicians around statins and SASEs are variable and impacted by clinician time limitations and patient preconceived notions of SASEs; (3) although a “trial and error” approach to managing SASEs may be effective in allowing clinicians to keep patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on a statin, it can be frustrating for patients; (4) outside sources, such as the media, internet, social networks, and social circles, influence patients' perceptions and often impact the risk benefit discussion; and (5) a decision aid would be beneficial in facilitating clinician decision‐making around SASEs and discussion of SASEs with the patients. Conclusions Statin use among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains suboptimal because of various patient‐ and clinician‐related factors. The development of a decision aid to facilitate discussion of SASEs, clinician decision‐making, and SASE management may improve statin use in this high‐risk population.

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardiometabolic Diseases and Related Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1480-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho-ichi Yamagishi ◽  
Takanori Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors, serpins. It was first identified as a neuronal differentiating factor secreted by human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and then found to be the most potent inhibitor of pathological angiogenesis in mammalian eyes. Recently, PEDF has been shown not only to suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in vascular wall cells, T cells and macrophages, and adipocytes, but also to exert antithrombotic and anti-fibrotic properties, thereby protecting against the development and progression of various cardiometabolic diseases and related complications. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that circulating PEDF levels may be a biomarker of severity and prognosis of these devastating disorders. Number of subjects with visceral obesity and insulin resistance is increasing, and the metabolic syndrome and its related complications, such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are a growing health challenge. Therefore, in this study, we review the pathophysiological role of PEDF in obesity and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetic eye and kidney complications, liver diseases, and reproductive system disorders, and discuss the potential clinical utility of modulating the expression and actions of PEDF for preventing these cardiometabolic disorders. We also refer to the clinical value of PEDF as a biomarker in cardiometabolic complications.

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