What’s Happened to Paraphrenia? The Modernity of Emil Kraepelin’s Thinking

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
L. Pelizza ◽  
F. Bonazzi
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Paraphrenia is a psychotic disorder described by Kraepelin in 1913. He formulated this concept to define a group of patients who exhibited symptoms characteristic of dementia praecox (marked delusions with or without hallucinations), but with minimal disturbances of emotion and volition, and much less personality deterioration. after the publication of Mayer"s prognostic research in 1921 (which studied the outcomes of 78 paraphrenic patients reported by Kraepelin), the view to differentiate paraphrenia from schizophrenia was considered to be unfounded in Germany. Paraphrenia is now diagnosed relatively infrequently and is not listed in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). However, it appears that some psychiatrists recognize the illness but label it "atypical psychosis", "schizoaffective disorder," or "delusional disorder" for lack of a better diagnostic category.Virtually no systematic research on paraphrenia has been conducted in the past 60 years. We describe a 30-year-old man affected by sistematic paraphrenia, according to the neo-Kraepelinian description of paraphrenia proposed by Ravindran et al. in 1999 (description compatible with the formats of DSM-IV and ICD-10). Using a questionnaire adapted from this description, our case of paraphrenia were distinguished from those of schizophrenia and delusional disorder. in conclusion, It is possible to define and recognize paraphrenia, because it is a viable diagnostic entity. as in the days of Kraepelin, the problems concerning paraphrenia cannot be neglected when considering the classification of psychotic disorders.

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 and Beyond (ICD-11)

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zaudig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Dsm Iv

“A classification is the reification of an ideological position, of an accepted stand of theory and knowledge. It means creating, defining or confirming boundaries of concepts. These in turn define ourselves, our future and our past…” (Sartorius, 1991). The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Chapter V on Mental and Behavioral Disorders (World Healthorganization [WHO], 1992, 1993), and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) have been adapted to the current clinical and scientific knowledge of mental disorders. Because ICD-10 has adapted the primarily descriptive and criteria-related approach from DSM-111, the general structures of both classifications are quite similar. However, complete congruency between ICD-10 and DSM-IV has not yet been reached.

Focus II: Is there agreement between DSM-IV and ICD-10?

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
M.J.A.J.M. Hoes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Gedurende de laatste jaren zijn nieuwe edities van twee grote classificatiesystemen uitgebracht. De American Psychiatric Association heeft in 1994 de vierde editie van de Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) gepubliceerd en de Wereldgezondheids-organisatie in 1991 de tiende editie van de International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Van de laatste is hier het vijfde hoofdstuk (V of F) over psychische stoornissen van belang.Vergeleken met de DSM-III (-R) uit 1980 (1987) is de DSM-IV qua structuur niet veranderd. Vergeleken met de DSM-III-R zijn er wel quantitatieve verschillen: 105 veranderde categorieën op as-I, 3 veranderde op as-II, 9 nieuwe voorstellen voor klinische aandacht, 13 nieuwe diagnoses, terwijl 8 classificaties verwijderd zijn en as-IV anders is gestructureerd, naar type belasting in plaats van ernst van belastende factoren.

scholarly journals Validación de un punto de corte para la versión breve de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos en adultos mayores mexicanos

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez ◽  
Betty Manrique-Espinoza ◽  
Gilberto Isaac Acosta-Castillo ◽  
Aurora Franco-Núñez ◽  
Óscar Rosas-Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objetivo. Identificar un punto de corte válido para la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) de siete reactivos, que permita clasificar a los adultos mayores según presencia/ausencia de síntomas depresivos clínicamente significativos. Material y métodos. Estudio de tamizaje con 229 adultos mayores residentes de los estados de Morelos y Tlaxcala en México, que fueron parte de la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición, 2012. Se estimó la sensibilidad y especificidad asociada con el punto de corte seleccionado usando los criterios diagnósticos del ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) y del DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition). Resultados. El punto de corte estimado fue CES-D=5. De acuerdo con el ICD-10, los valores obtenidos de sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 83.3 y 90.2%, y un valor ROC de 87% y, según el DSM-IV, los valores fueron 85, 83.2, y 84%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La versión abreviada del CES-D puede ser utilizada como una prueba de tamizaje para identificar casos probables de adultos mayores con síntomas depresivos clínicamente significativos.

scholarly journals Validity of nosological classification

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv

The term "nosological classification" is often used in connection with medical classification systems, and the tendency is to equate it with "diagnosis" and "validity." However, particularly in the case of psychiatry this is far from always being the case. From a scientific point of view, the two most up-to-date classification systems in use today - the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) - may be considered as the theoretical basis of current psychiatric nosology. In this paper we show that the instrumentally generated DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia have relatively low validity in comparison with clinician expert diagnoses. If medical classification is to be realistic, simple to use, and reliable, nosological systems must be based not only on established facts, but also on theoretical assumptions regarding the nature of disease.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Problemi di psicoterapia

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Vengono presentati i principali sistemi di diagnosi psichiatrica, e precisamente le ultime edizioni del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) dell'American Psychiatric Association (il DSM-III del 1980, il DSM-III-R del 1987, il DSM-IV del 1994, il DSM-IV-TR del 2000, e il DSM-V previsto per il 2013), la 10a edizione dell'International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) proposta nel 1992 dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanitŕ (OMS), e il Manuale Diagnostico Psicodinamico (PDM) prodotto dalla comunitŕ psicoanalitica internazionale nel 2006. A proposito dei DSM, vengono discussi alcuni problemi metodologici quali le dicotomie validitŕ/attendibilitŕ, categorie/dimensioni e politetico/monotetico, e anticipati alcuni dibattiti critici a proposito del futuro DSM-V. Infine, vengono discusse le seguenti problematiche: la psicopatologia "descrittiva" e "strutturale"; la diagnosi come "difesa" del terapeuta; l'aspetto scientifico e l'aspetto filosofico della diagnosi; i tentativi di "sospensione" del giudizio e dei nostri preconcetti; la dicotomia nomotetico-idiografico.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Phenomena and the DSM-V Developmental Process

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Psychotic Features

Several of this month's articles and interviews touch on themes that relate to spectrum phenomena as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders developmental process.First, Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH, director of the Division of Research at American Psychiatric Association, discusses, in an interview with CNS Spectrums, the developmental process for DSM-V. He emphasizes the use of dimensional measures to determine both thresholds for disorders, and to assess response to treatments. He also highlights a focus on spectra of disorders that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries as one way to deal with issues of comorbidity. Finally, he discusses new approaches to the five DSM axes, and the need to link together the DSM and International Classification of Diseases processes. Three other articles in this issue also clearly relate to these obsessive-compulsive spectra issues.For example, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, MD, PhD, describes how, although much attention has been paid to patients who lack insight into their obsessional beliefs, less importance has been given to individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who display perceptual disturbances typically found in psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, or mood disorders with psychotic features. The authors call attention to a phenomenon that has been neglected in the psychiatric literature (ie, the occurrence of hallucinations and related phenomena in patients with OCD). They describe five patients with OCD with hallucinations in several different sensory modalities, including the auditory, the visual, the tactile, the olfactory, and the cenesthetic modalities, and suggest that further psychopathological research should clarify the clinical significance of hallucinations among patients with OCD.

scholarly journals Classification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: building castles in the sand?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

A classification system can benefit disturbed children enormously by bringing to bear a wealth of knowledge and experience. This can make all the difference between an inadequate consultation and a precise formulation of the nature and extent of a child's difficulties, their cause, the likely outcome and a realistic treatment plan. However, inappropriate application of a diagnostic label that has little validity could do more harm than good, and classification systems can be misused. This paper discusses, with examples, issues particular to childhood and adolescence that diagnostic systems need to address if they are to be useful. It considers different solutions applied by the two most widely used schemes, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–10; World Heath Organization, 1992) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Finally, the types of criteria used to validate categories are discussed.

Eating disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Erzegovesi ◽  
Laura Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Twenty years have passed from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and, in the meanwhile, a lot of research data about eating disorders has been published. This article reviews the main modifications to the classification of eating disorders reported in the “Feeding and Eating Disorders” chapter of the DSM-5, and compares them with the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Particularly, we will show that DSM-5 criteria widened the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa to less severe forms (so decreasing the frequency of Eating Disorders, Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) diagnoses), introduced the new category of Binge Eating Disorder, and incorporated several feeding disorders that were first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. On the whole, the DSM-5 revision should allow the clinician to make more reliable and timely diagnoses for eating disorders.

The Death of Histrionic Personality Disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 602-627
Author(s):  
Roger K. Blashfield ◽  
Shannon M. Reynolds ◽  
Bethany Stennett
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Journal Literature ◽  
Histrionic Personality Disorder ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). The first section of this chapter defines HPD and discusses its history, starting with hysteria. The emphasis of this section is the documentation that HPD is a dying disorder that has generated little clinical or research interest as shown by the small empirical journal literature and the minimal textbook coverage. The second section of the chapter discusses the issues associated with the demise of HPD. These issues are (1) the belief that HPD is a sex-biased diagnosis, (2) the apparent failure of HPD to carve out a descriptively unique syndrome, (3) the associated loss of influence of psychoanalytic thinking in psychiatry and psychology, and (4) current efforts to overhaul the personality disorders in the upcoming DSM-5 by introducing a hybrid model and deleting categorical diagnoses with less clinical and/or empirical support.

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