Interrelations between anger and aggression among male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1077-1077
Author(s):  
A.V. Ostapenko ◽  
S. Kolov
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Instrumental Aggression ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Mississippi Scale ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Subclinical Symptoms ◽  
Dysfunctional Anger

ObjectivesCombatants with PTSD show a higher level of aggression and dysfunctional anger influencing clinical picture and determining tolerance to treatment. Interrelations between emotional dysfunctions (anger), symptoms of combat-related PTSD and aggression are not clear.MethodWe studied relations between aggression, anger and PTSD symptoms in the group of 557 males-combatants (109 patients had marked symptoms of PTSD, 448 men showed subclinical symptoms), and in the control group of 234 healthy males. We used the Mississippi Scale for quantitative evaluation of PTSD and authorial methods for assessing anger and aggression.ResultsImpulsive aggression is the main form in veterans with PTSD, exceeding sevenfold indices in the control group (21,17 ± 1,92; 3,18 ± 0,38, P < 0,00001). Indices of this aggression are equal to level of instrumental aggression (3,03 ± 0,27; 3,88 ± 0,19, P < 0,001), in the control group various forms of aggression differed greatly, level of these types of aggressive behaviour was lower (0,45±0,06; 1,88±0,09, P < 0,0000001).Correlation analysis of indices of different aggressive behaviour and anger showed that dysfunctional anger has strong positive interrelations only with indices of impulsive (affective-hostile) aggression (P < 0,01), similar correlation with instrumental aggression was not discovered. In the control group significant correlations between anger and aggressive behaviour were not found.ConclusionsImpulsive aggression is mostly expressed in combatants with PTSD. Anger is the main determining factor for level, strength, intensity and frequency of impulsive aggression. Association between anger and PTSD is unique for combatants with impulsive aggression. Dysfunctional anger serves a general pathogenetic factor for combat-related PTSD and impulsive aggression.

Correlation between lipid profile and different types of aggressive behaviour in combatants

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1252-1252
Author(s):  
S. Kolov ◽  
A. Ostapenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Instrumental Aggression ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Negative Links

ObjectivesAt present there is a discussion whether cholesterol level, aggression and violence are connected for they are characteristic behavioral patterns in combatants suffering particularly from PTSD.MethodWith the help of the Aggressive Behaviour Assessment Scale we examined 337 combatants and 116 healthy people, also we held an additional investigation of serum concentration of lipid profile. Reliability of results was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Also the correlation analysis (Spearman rank correlation coefficient) was carried out.ResultsCombatants showed an integrated overall index of aggression twice as much in comparison with the control group (2,44 ± 0,09 and 1,08 ± 0,08, Ð < 0,00001), impulsive aggression was five times greater (2,08 ± 0,12 and 0,39 ± 0,06, Ð < 0,00001), premeditated aggression was 1,7-fold (3,15 ± 0,11 and 1,78 ± 0,13, Ð < 0,00001). The highest points of emotional (impulsive, hostile) aggressive behaviour revealed negative links with concentrations of cholesterol (r = −0,109, Ð < 0,05), LDL total cholesterol (r = −0,109, Ð < 0,05), triglycerides (−0,137 ≥ r ≥ −0,108, Ð < 0,05). Certain positions of premeditated (instrumental) aggression positively correlated with level of total cholesterol (0,140 ≥ r ≥ 0,126, Ð < 0,01), LDL total cholesterol (0,141 ≥ r ≥ 0,161, Ð < 0,01).ConclusionsReduction of cholesterol level and its most atherogenic fractions increases intensity of impulsive aggression and diminishes instrumental aggression of aggressive behaviour whereas increase of lipid profile leads to opposite results. The obtained data can be of great importance for treatment and prophylaxis of cardio-vascular disorders which are so typical for combat veterans.

scholarly journals Improving mental health and physiological stress responses in mothers following traumatic childbirth and in their infants: study protocol for the Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial (START)

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e032469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Sandoz ◽  
Camille Deforges ◽  
Suzannah Stuijfzand ◽  
Manuella Epiney ◽  
Yvan Vial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Placebo Control Group ◽  
Psychological Vulnerability ◽  
Traumatic Childbirth

IntroductionEmergency caesarean section (ECS) qualifies as a psychological trauma, which may result in postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maternal PTSD may not only have a significant negative impact on mother–infant interactions, but also on long-term infant development. The partner’s mental health may also affect infant development. Evidence-based early interventions to prevent the development of postpartum PTSD in mothers are lacking. Immediately after a traumatic event, memory formation is vulnerable to interference. There is accumulating evidence that a brief behavioural intervention including a visuospatial task may result in a reduction in intrusive memories of the trauma.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled phase III trial testing an early brief maternal intervention including the computer game ‘Tetris’ on intrusive memories of the ECS trauma (≤1 week) and PTSD symptoms (6 weeks, primary outcome) of 144 women following an ECS. The intervention group will carry out a brief behavioural procedure including playing Tetris. The attention-placebo control group will complete a brief written activity log. Both simple cognitive tasks will be completed within the first 6 hours following traumatic childbirth. The intervention is delivered by midwives/nurses in the maternity unit.The primary outcome will be differences in the presence and severity of maternal PTSD symptoms between the intervention and the attention-placebo control group at 6 weeks post partum. Secondary outcomes will be physiological stress and psychological vulnerability, mother–infant interaction and infant developmental outcomes. Other outcomes will be psychological vulnerability and physiological regulation of the partner and their bonding with the infant, as well as the number of intrusive memories of the event.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud (study number 2017–02142). Dissemination of results will occur via national and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals, public conferences and social media.Trial registration numberNCT 03576586.

scholarly journals The Predictive Value of Early-Life Trauma, Psychopathy, and the Testosterone–Cortisol Ratio for Impulsive Aggression Problems in Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701987190
Author(s):  
Pauline O. J. Korpel ◽  
Tim Varkevisser ◽  
Sylco S. Hoppenbrouwers ◽  
Jack Van Honk ◽  
Elbert Geuze
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Continuous Predictor ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Cortisol Ratio

Background In this study, we examined whether early-life trauma, psychopathy, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio predicted impulsive aggression problems in veterans. Method A sample of 49 male veterans with impulsive aggression problems and 51 nonaggressive veterans were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed with early-life trauma, primary and secondary psychopathy, and testosterone/cortisol ratio as continuous predictor variables; impulsive aggression status was entered as a binary outcome measure. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine pairwise relations among the predictors. Results Results indicated that early-life trauma and secondary psychopathy, but not the testosterone/cortisol ratio or primary psychopathy, were significant predictors of impulsive aggression status. Conclusions The current results indicate that early-life trauma and secondary psychopathy are risk factors for impulsive aggression problems among veterans. Future studies are needed to determine the exact causal relations among the variables examined here.

Coping Strategies in PTSD

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikloš Biro ◽  
Zdenka Novović ◽  
Vesna Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The One

The aim of this study is to analyse the type of coping strategies used by patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For that purpose, two groups of war veterans (40 subjects in each group) were compared. The first group was made up of patients with PTSD, and the second (control) group comprised veterans who suffered combat trauma, but did not show any PTSD symptoms. Coping strategies were assessed using the Questionnaire of Coping Responses (McCrae, 1984).The results show that out of 118 items (examples of coping strategies) 10 show statistically significant differences between the group with PTSD and the one without it. PTSD patients used more maladaptive strategies (avoidance, pseudo-planning, fantasizing, impulsive and depressive behaviour), while subjects from the control group were more likely to use the strategy of controlling impulses.

A Multi-Session Attribution Modification Program for Children with Aggressive Behaviour: Changes in Attributions, Emotional Reaction Estimates, and Self-Reported Aggression

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos P. Vassilopoulos ◽  
Andreas Brouzos ◽  
Eleni Andreou
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Hostile Attributions

Background: Research suggests that aggressive children are prone to over-attribute hostile intentions to peers. Aims: The current study investigated whether this attributional style can be altered using a Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) procedure. Method: A sample of 10–12-year-olds selected for displaying aggressive behaviours was trained over three sessions to endorse benign rather than hostile attributions in response to ambiguous social scenarios. Results: Compared to a test-retest control group (n = 18), children receiving CBM-I (n = 16) were less likely to endorse hostile attributions and more likely to endorse benign attributions in response to a new set of ambiguous social situations. Furthermore, aggressive behaviour scores reduced more in the trained group than in the untrained controls. Children who received attribution training also reported less perceived anger and showed a trend to report more self-control than those in the control group. Conclusions: Implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of secondary post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the spouses of chemical warfare victims 20 years after the Iran–Iraq war

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodabakhsh Ahmadi ◽  
Mahmood Reshadatjoo ◽  
GholamReza Karami ◽  
Nariman Sepehrvand ◽  
Pegah Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims and methodPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been reported in 90% of chemical warfare victims in previous studies. An individual's traumatic experience(s) may affect the lives of other family members as well. This cross-sectional case–control study compared the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the husbands, the secondary PTSD symptoms in the wives and also aimed to identify if there was an association between the PTSD symptoms of the couples in the case group. Cases were 150 husband–wife couples where husbands were civilians exposed to chemical warfare; the controls were 156 husband–wife couples where there was no such exposure. Both cases and controls were recruited from Sardasht in Iran; this Kurdish city was attacked by four 250 kg sulphur mustard warheads in June 1987.ResultsAcross three sets of cut-off points for the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD symptomotology (<120 and ⩾121; <106 and ⩾107; and <65, 65–130 and > 130) wives in the case group demonstrated higher rates of PTSD symptoms than did those in the control group; the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, husbands in the case group had a significantly higher overall mean score (123.0 (s.d. = 17.2)) than the husbands in the control group (112.3 (s.d. = 21.7); P<0.001, t = 4.80). There was no statistically significant association between the overall PTSD score of the husbands in the case group with that of their wives (P = 0.274, correlation coefficient 0.092).Clinical implicationsHusbands who were exposed to the chemical agents reported higher PTSD symptoms and there were higher rates of PTSD symptoms among the wives of individuals who were exposed to chemical warfare. Study results suggest the need for coordinated treatments, policy efforts and interventions to improve the wellbeing of chemical warfare victims and their caregiver wives.

Pre-Katrina mental illness, postdisaster negative cognitions, and PTSD symptoms in male veterans following Hurricane Katrina.

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Constans ◽  
Jennifer J. Vasterling ◽  
Elizabeth Deitch ◽  
Xiaotong Han ◽  
Andra L. Teten Tharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Cognitions ◽  
Male Veterans

scholarly journals DISTURBANCE OF IRON METABOLISM AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE GINGIVA IN PATIENTS WITH Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Ramida Vaqif qizi Shadlinskaya ◽  
E. K Gasimov ◽  
S. A Israfilova
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

Introduction: β-thalassemia major is a hereditary blood disease, a main pathogenetic factor of which is the disruption of the synthesis of β-chains of hemoglobin. Inevitable metabolic disorders that occur during regular blood transfusion form an additional risk of damage and cellular modification of organs and tissues, including the oral cavity. Aim: determination of the pathogenetic role of iron metabolism disorder in the development of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with β-thalassemia. Material and methods: 12 patients with β - thalassemia major who had periodontal diseases were examined in the Republican Center of Thalassemia in Baku (average age is 18 ± 1.3 years). The control group consisted of 16 somatically healthy individuals with intact gingiva tissues (the average age is 18.0 ± 0.7 years). Serum Iron, ferritin, hepcidin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), level of Il2, Il6, Il10, TNFα were measured from peripheral blood samples. To determine the ultra-structural study of the periodontal tissues in patients with β-thalassemia major, the method of electron microscopy studies of gingiva biopsies was used. Results of the study: The study revealed an increase in the level of serum iron and ferritin against the background of a progressively decreasing TIBC in patients with β-thalassemia major. Also activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines - TNFα, Il6, Il10 was observed in homozygous patients. Metabolic indicators are compared with ultrastructural features of cellular elements of a gum. Signs of accumulation of iron in cellular elements both of its own plate and of the epithelial cover were compared. The presence of iron was recorded in immunocompetent cells - macrophages and lymphocytes. Conclusion: Summarizing the data obtained, we can conclude that deproteinization of ferritin cores and their detection both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleoplasm of immunocompotent cells leads to irreversible degenerative changes in cellular elements of the gingiva. The authors link the development of the generalized inflammatory - degenerative process in the periodontium with revealed exchange -structural violations.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological correlates of personality factors of impulsive aggression in subjects with personality disorders and in mentally healthy subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
K.Yu. Telesheva ◽  
Z.I. Storozheva ◽  
V.V. Myamlin ◽  
A.V. Kirenskaya ◽  
F.S. Safuanov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
External Stimuli

The comparative study of sensorimotor gating in the model of acoustic startle response (ASR) and personal traits was provided in mentally healthy offenders (24 s.) and offenders with personal disorders (15 s.) accused of crimes committed by the mechanism of impulsive aggression (IA) was provided. The control group consisted of 39 healthy male volunteers. The battery of psychometric techniques was applied, notably questionnaires of Spielberger, Rusalov’s structure of temperament questionnaire, Rotter’s modified version of the subjective control level assessment, Zuckerman and Buss-Durkee questionnaires. The basic ASR measures and prepulse modification were analyzed. Significantly different IA mechanisms were found in the groups of offenders at both the psychological and neurobiological level. It has been shown that, in individuals with personality disorders, the IA is based on the propensity to realize their own aggressive intentions or motivations, which, apparently, acquires a self-contained motivating value regardless of external stimuli. The important role of emotional factors in the mechanisms of impulsive aggressive reactions was shown in the mentally healthy offenders.

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