scholarly journals Psychophysiological correlates of personality factors of impulsive aggression in subjects with personality disorders and in mentally healthy subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
K.Yu. Telesheva ◽  
Z.I. Storozheva ◽  
V.V. Myamlin ◽  
A.V. Kirenskaya ◽  
F.S. Safuanov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
External Stimuli

The comparative study of sensorimotor gating in the model of acoustic startle response (ASR) and personal traits was provided in mentally healthy offenders (24 s.) and offenders with personal disorders (15 s.) accused of crimes committed by the mechanism of impulsive aggression (IA) was provided. The control group consisted of 39 healthy male volunteers. The battery of psychometric techniques was applied, notably questionnaires of Spielberger, Rusalov’s structure of temperament questionnaire, Rotter’s modified version of the subjective control level assessment, Zuckerman and Buss-Durkee questionnaires. The basic ASR measures and prepulse modification were analyzed. Significantly different IA mechanisms were found in the groups of offenders at both the psychological and neurobiological level. It has been shown that, in individuals with personality disorders, the IA is based on the propensity to realize their own aggressive intentions or motivations, which, apparently, acquires a self-contained motivating value regardless of external stimuli. The important role of emotional factors in the mechanisms of impulsive aggressive reactions was shown in the mentally healthy offenders.

Impaired sensorimotor gating of the acoustic startle response in the prodrome of schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Quednow ◽  
I. Frommann ◽  
J. Berning ◽  
K.U. Kühn ◽  
W. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating

scholarly journals Inhibition of the Deep and Intermediate Layers of the Superior Colliculus Disrupts Sensorimotor Gating in Monkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah F. Waguespack ◽  
Brittany L. Aguilar ◽  
Ludise Malkova ◽  
Patrick A. Forcelli
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Association Area

The deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) respond to visual, auditory, and tactile inputs and act as a multimodal sensory association area. In turn, activity in the DLSC can drive orienting and avoidance responses—such as saccades and head and body movements—across species, including in rats, cats, and non-human primates. As shown in rodents, DLSC also plays a role in regulating pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), a form of sensorimotor gating. DLSC lesions attenuate PPI and electrical stimulation of DLSC inhibits the startle response. While the circuitry mediating PPI is well-characterized in rodents, less is known about PPI regulation in primates. Two recent studies from our labs reported a species difference in the effects of pharmacological inhibition of the basolateral amygdala and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) on PPI between rats and macaques: in rats, inhibition of these structures decreased PPI, while in macaques, it increased PPI. Given that the SNpr sends direct inhibitory projections to DLSC, we next sought to determine if this species difference was similarly evident at the level of DLSC. Here, we transiently inactivated DLSC in four rhesus macaques by focal microinfusion of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol. Similar to findings reported in rodents, we observed that bilateral inhibition of the DLSC in macaques significantly disrupted PPI. The impairment was specific to the PPI as the ASR itself was not affected. These results indicate that our previously reported species divergence at the level of the SNpr is not due to downstream differences at the level of the DLSC. Species differences at the level of the SNpr and basolateral amygdala emphasize the importance of studying the underlying circuitry in non-human primates, as impairment in PPI has been reported in several disorders in humans, including schizophrenia, autism, and PTSD.

scholarly journals Clerodendrum inermeLeaf Extract Alleviates Animal Behaviors, Hyperlocomotion, and Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions, Mimicking Tourette Syndrome and Schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon-Lie Chen ◽  
Hsin-Jung Lee ◽  
Wei-Jan Huang ◽  
Jui-Feng Chou ◽  
Pi-Chuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Animal Behaviors

Previously, we found a patient with intractable motor tic disorder, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome (TS), responsive to the ground leaf juice ofClerodendrum inerme(CI). Here, we examined the effect of the ethanol extract ofCIleaves (CIextract) on animal behaviors mimicking TS, hyperlocomotion, and sensorimotor gating deficit. The latter is also observed in schizophrenic patients and can be reflected by a disruption of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (PPI) in animal models induced by methamphetamine and NMDA channel blockers (ketamine or MK-801), based on hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic hypotheses, respectively.CIextract (10–300 mg/kg,i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine (2 mg/kg,i.p.) and PPI disruptions induced by methamphetamine, ketamine (30 mg/kg,i.p.), and MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg,i.p.) but did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod performance, and grip force. These results suggest thatCIextract can relieve hyperlocomotion and improve sensorimotor gating deficit, supporting the therapeutic potential ofCIfor TS and schizophrenia.

Alterations in brainstem auditory processing, the acoustic startle response and sensorimotor gating of startle in Wistar audiogenic rats (WAR), an animal model of reflex epilepsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1727 ◽  
pp. 146570
Author(s):  
Alexandra Olimpio Siqueira Cunha ◽  
Marzieh Moradi ◽  
Junia Lara de Deus ◽  
Cesar Celis Ceballos ◽  
Nikollas Moreira Benites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating

Nitric oxide modulates dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in the basolateral amygdala

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Salum ◽  
AC Issy ◽  
ML Brandão ◽  
FS Guimarães ◽  
EA Del Bel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Sound Pulse ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Local Inhibition

Systemic injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNO) prevents the disruptive effect of amphetamine (Amph) on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating model in which the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to a startling sound (pulse) is reduced when preceded immediately by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Given that dopamine (DA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the control of information processing, our aim was to investigate if intra-BLA administration of LNO would modify the disruption caused by the DA agonists, Amph, apomorphine (Apo) and quinpirole (QNP), on PPI. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-BLA microinjections (0.2 µL/min/side) of combined treatments (saline or LNO 11 µg followed by saline, QNP 3 µg, Apo 10 µg or Amph 30 µg). PPI was disrupted by intra-BLA Apo, QNP or Amph but not by LNO. Prior bilateral intra-BLA injection of LNO prevented the Apo- and QNP-induced disruption of PPI but did not affect that caused by Amph. APO- or QNP-induced increases in ASR to prepulse + pulse were also restored by LNO. Since local inhibition of NO formation affected the effects of direct, but not indirect, DA agonists, the results suggest that this modulation is not occurring at the level of DA release but may involve complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems.

scholarly journals The Organizational Role of Testicular Hormones and the Androgen Receptor in Anxiety-Related Behaviors and Sensorimotor Gating in Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 1572-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian G. Zuloaga ◽  
Cynthia L. Jordan ◽  
S. Marc Breedlove
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Neonatal Castration

Abstract Perinatal exposure to testosterone (T), which can act upon both the androgen receptor (AR) and, via aromatization of T into estrogens, upon estrogen receptors, organizes many adult behaviors in rodents. We compared behaviors in wild-type (WT) male rats and AR-deficient rats with the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm), which on the day of birth were either gonadectomized (Neo-Gdx) or sham operated. In adulthood, all rats were either gonadectomized or sham operated and implanted with T capsules to equilibrate circulating androgens. In each of four tests of behavior related to anxiety (open field, novel object exposure, light/dark box, and elevated plus maze), Neo-Gdx rats showed decreased indices of anxiety and increased activity compared with rats sham operated on the day of birth, with no differences between WT or Tfm males within treatment groups. These results indicate that testicular hormones act in development to increase adult indices of anxiety and decrease activity in males and that functional ARs are not required for this effect. Acoustic startle response was also reduced by Neo-Gdx, suggesting that postnatal testicular secretions potentiate this behavior as well. Adult corticosterone levels and sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, were increased by neonatal castration in both WT and Tfm rats. These findings indicate a role of T before adulthood in the organization of anxiety-related behaviors, activity, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sensorimotor gating in rats, all of which appears to be AR independent.

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