Influence of original anticonvulsant on pharmacometabolizing function of liver in patients with alcoholism

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1283-1283
Author(s):  
T. Shushpanova ◽  
V. Semke ◽  
T.P. Novozheyeva ◽  
V. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

ObjectiveWe investigated effect of long-term dosing of original anticonvulsant Galodif® (derivative of meta-chlor-benzhydrilourea). On activity of liver cytochrome P-450 system of alcoholics.Methods68 patients with alcoholism were examined. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with method of statistical moments of K. Yamaoka.ResultsIn chronic alcoholism elimination of antipirine becomes slower. Examined by us patients had enough long term of alcoholization and we may suppose that acceleration of elimination of antipirine, occurring at the onset of disease was replaced by some suppression of activity of microsomal monooxigenases; accordingly, elimination of model connection has become slower. This supposition corresponds to data about decrease of consumption of oxygen and suppression of oxidative processes in chronic alcoholization both in experimental animals and people. Hypermetabolic state is observed at the onset of disease conditioning probably increase of tolerance toward alcohol, xenobiotics resistance and high resistance of organism. Subsequently exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms occurs and possibly hypermetabolic state disappears. This is confirmed by decrease of tolerance toward alcohol during long course of illness. In addition, it should be taken into account that liver hypermetabolism is mostly expressed in alcohol withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionThe higher background of activity of monooxigenases system of liver is at baseline, the major degree of manifestation of inducer is and vice versa. It is possible that reinforcement of reactivity of microsomal monooxigenases of liver of alcoholics toward Galodif is associated with synergetic action of preparation-inducer and ethanol.

Impairment of human antipyrine metabolism by piroxicam

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis José Battellino ◽  
Susana Tereza Dorronsoro de Cattoni ◽  
Carmen Ragagnin
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Antipyrine Disposition ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of antipyrine was determined in healthy young volunteers (18–28 years), both 3 days before piroxicam, ketoprofen, or naproxen administration and on the following day of their discontinuation. In all subjects treated with piroxicam (10, 20, and 40 mg daily) for 5 consecutive days, the rate of salivary antipyrine elimination slowed. Antipyrine half-life was prolonged and metabolic clearance was reduced significantly (p < 0.01) proportional to the dose administered. After piroxicam was discontinued, both pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine returned toward normal. No significant modification in antipyrine half-life or metabolic clearance rate was demonstrated after pretreatment with ketoprofen (50, 100, and 200 mg daily) or naproxen (250 and 500 mg daily). The impairment on antipyrine disposition produced by piroxicam has been interpreted as a consequence of a reduction in the activity of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P-450 system. These results suggest the possibility of drug accumulation and toxicity when certain other therapeutic agents are administered simultaneously with piroxicam. For the same reason, it is recommended to bear in mind the potential danger of long-term piroxicam therapy on the oxidative degradation of steroid hormones and other endogenous compounds that are metabolized by the mixed-function oxidase system.Key words: antipyrine, piroxicam, ketoprofen, naproxen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drug metabolism.

scholarly journals Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Short-Course and Long-Course (Chemo) Radiotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e93-e99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette M. Wiltink ◽  
Remi A. Nout ◽  
Jochem R.N. van der Voort van Zyp ◽  
Heleen M. Ceha ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Course

Behcet Disease: Long-term Follow-up of Three Children and Review of the Literature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-992
Author(s):  
Yardena Rakover ◽  
Hanna Adar ◽  
Itamar Tal ◽  
Yaron Lang ◽  
Amos Kedar
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Behcet Disease ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Behcet disease is rare in children. There are only two reports of Behcet disease in childhood, describing seven patients. Three pediatric patients are described, in whom the age of onset ranged from 6 to 11 years. Aphthous stomatitis and arthritis were present in all of the patients; genital ulcers, iridocylitis, erythema nodosum, and CNS involvement were present in two patients. Other manifestations included Stevens-Johnson-like eruption, fever of unknown origin, and testicular involvement. All of the patients responded to glucocorticoids; two were also treated with colchicine and one was treated with chlorambucil. In two patients, follow-up of more than 10 years was done, with complete cure in one patient and benign course of illness in the other. Because of the rarity of the disease in childhood and the difficulty in making the diagnosis, there is not enough awareness by pediatricians concerning this disease.

Adaptive mechanisms of speech and swallowing after combined jaw and tongue reconstruction in long-term survivors

1987 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Allison ◽  
Irving Rappaport ◽  
Arthur H. Sallbian ◽  
Betty McMicken ◽  
June E. Shoup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Tongue Reconstruction ◽  
Long Term Survivors

scholarly journals Adenosine Derivates as Antioxidant Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, in Vitro Activity, and Theoretical Insights

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Valdes ◽  
Nelson Brown ◽  
Alejandro Morales-Bayuelo ◽  
Luis Prent-Peñaloza ◽  
Margarita Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Quantum Similarity ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Molecular Quantum Similarity ◽  
Adenosine Derivatives ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

In this work, we present results about the synthesis and the antioxidant properties of seven adenosine derivatives. Four of these compounds were synthesized by substituting the N6-position of adenosine with aliphatic amines, and three were obtained by modification of the ribose ring. All compounds were obtained in pure form using column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). All adenosine derivatives were further evaluated in vitro as free radical scavengers. Our results show that compounds 1c, 3, and 5 display a potent antioxidant effect compared with the reference compound ascorbic acid. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) calculations show favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for the set of compounds analyzed, which guarantees their suitability as potential antioxidant drugs. Furthermore, theoretical analyses using Molecular Quantum Similarity and reactivity indices were performed in order to discriminate the different reactive sites involved in oxidative processes.

Fluconazole-Induced Symptomatic Phenytoin Toxicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Cadle ◽  
Golden J. Zenon ◽  
Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas ◽  
Richard J. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Phenytoin Toxicity ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of fluconazole-induced symptomatic phenytoin toxicity and review literature related to this interaction. DATA SOURCES: Case reports and review articles identified by a computerized (MEDLINE) and manual ( Index Medicus) search. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent primarily eliminated by renal mechanisms, although hepatic cytochrome P-450 inhibition and hepatotoxicity have been observed. We report two cases of fluconazole-induced symptomatic phenytoin toxicity. Both patients received high doses of the drug; one patient developed phenytoin toxicity only after long-term coadministration. Previously reported cases have occurred primarily with high-dose fluconazole and short-term coadministration. CONCLUSIONS: Fluconazole can increase phenytoin serum concentrations leading to toxicity. Constant and continuous monitoring of serum phenytoin concentrations with fluconazole doses as low as 200 mg/d is warranted.

scholarly journals Early-life maltreatment predicts adult stress response in a long-lived wild bird

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn K. Grace ◽  
David J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Sula Granti ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Baseline Corticosterone

Persistent phenotypic changes due to early-life stressors are widely acknowledged, but their relevance for wild, free-living animals is poorly understood. We evaluated effects of two natural stressors experienced when young (maltreatment by adults and nutritional stress) on stress physiology in wild Nazca boobies ( Sula granti ) 6–8 years later, an exceptionally long interval for such studies. Maltreatment as a nestling, but not nutritional stress, was associated years later with depressed baseline corticosterone in females and elevated stress-induced corticosterone concentration [CORT] in males. These results provide rare evidence of long-term hormonal effects of natural early-life stress, which may be adaptive mechanisms for dealing with future stressors.

scholarly journals Long-term administration of "sho-saiko-to" increases cytochrome P-450 mRNA level in liver.

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
keisuke KOJIMA ◽  
Hajime MIZUKAMI ◽  
Takako TAZAWA ◽  
Mitsuhiko NOSE ◽  
Makoto INOUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Epoxide hydrolase and epoxygenase metabolites as therapeutic targets for renal diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. F496-F503 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Imig
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Renal epoxygenase metabolites are involved in blood flow regulation and long-term blood pressure control. One feature of renal and cardiovascular diseases is the inability of the kidney to properly increase epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) levels. Others (Busse R, Edwards G, Félétou M, Fleming I, Vanhoutte PM, and Weston AH. Trends Phamacol Sci 23: 374–380, 2002; Campbell WB, Gebremedhin D, Pratt PF, and Harder DR. Circ Res 78: 415–423, 1996; Capdevila JH and Falck JR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285: 571–576, 2001; Roman RJ. Physiol Rev 82: 131–185, 2002; Zeldin DC. J Biol Chem 276: 36059–36062, 2001) and we (Imig JD, Falck JR, Wei S, and Capdevila JH. J Vasc Res 38: 247–255, 2001; Imig JD, Zhao X, Capdevila JH, Morisseau C, and Hammock BD. Hypertension 39: 690–694, 2002; Zhao X, Pollock DM, Inscho EW, Zeldin DC, and Imig JD. Hypertension 41: 709–714, 2003; Zhao X, Pollock DM, Zeldin DC, and Imig JD. Hypertension 42: 775–780, 2003) have provided compelling evidence that cytochrome P-450-derived EETs have antihypertensive properties and are endothelially derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) in the kidney. EETs also possess anti-inflammatory actions that could protect the kidney vasculature from injury during renal and cardiovascular diseases. A tactic that has been used to increase EET levels has been inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme. Epoxide hydrolase inhibitors have been demonstrated to be antihypertensive and renal protective. Thus the renal and cardiovascular protective actions of increasing epoxygenase levels could be translated to therapies for preventing end-organ damage.

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