Cerebral vasoreactivity in type I and type II diabetic patients: a transcranial Doppler study

Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.

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Evaluating the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Teaching Center

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210201200607 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 488-494

Author(s):

N.M. Pharmakakis ◽

I.K. Petropoulos ◽

P.A. Peristeropoulos ◽

C.V. Vantzou ◽

J.X. Koliopoulos

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Laser Treatment ◽

International Standards ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽

Type I ◽

Final Examination ◽

Type Ii ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Teaching Center

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the teaching center of the University Eye Clinic of Patras in Greece. Methods From 1989 to 1999, 302 patients with type I (5.3%) and type II (94.7%) diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined. Standard examination and treatment protocols were employed. Examinations and laser treatment were done by trainee specialists, under the supervision of the head physician (N.Ph), during their rotation in the retina and vitreous disorders outpatient department. Results At baseline examination, 17.9% of the eyes had no DR, 71.7% had nonproliferative DR, and 10.4% had proliferative DR. In 34.4%, no laser treatment followed. The other 65.6% underwent focal and/or grid laser and/or panretinal photocoagulation and/or vitrectomy. At the final examination, DR was still the same in 63.1% of the eyes, progression had occurred in 34.1%, and regression in 2.8%. Type I DM patients' eyes had a higher prevalence of proliferative DR at the final examination than type II DM eyes. There was also a significant correlation between progression of DR and duration of DM, insulin treatment for DM, and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Conclusions Having applied standard examination and treatment protocols, the efficacy of the management of our diabetic patients was consistent with international standards, even though patients were treated mostly by doctors in training.

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ASSOCIATION OF SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s4.31741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Rujaswini T ◽

Ranadheer Chowdary P ◽

Vijey Aanandhi M ◽

Shanmugasundaram P

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Serum Homocysteine

Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study was to find out the association of serum homocysteine (HCY) in diabetic neuropathy patients. Methods: All the patients who were diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus will be included. Their serum levels of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and associated blood parameters will be assessed. Diabetic neuropathy will be confirmed using nerve conduction testing, electromyography, and quantitative sensory testing with clinically correlated. The serum HCY levels will be measured and correlated with other blood parameters. Results: Of 1000 patients, 46 were Type I diabetic and 954 were Type II. The prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients was 156. Mean serum HCY without diabetic neuropathy was 6.8+2.9 and serum HCY with diabetic neuropathy was 21.6+0.29 and p value was found to be 0.0017. The correlation between serum HCY and diabetic neuropathy was found to be 14.5 with p=0.001. Conclusion: There has been a significant increase of HCY in diabetic patients. It can be clearly seen that elevated serum HCY level has led to some of the complications of diabetic neuropathy.

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Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung of Diabetic Patients

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.587013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Tales Lyra Oliveira ◽

Igor Santana Melo ◽

Léia Cardoso-Sousa ◽

Igor Andrade Santos ◽

Mohamad Bassim El Zoghbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Research Progress ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽

Bacterial Proliferation ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its impact on patients with comorbidities is clearly related to fatality cases, and diabetes has been linked to one of the most important causes of severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Substantial research progress has been made on COVID-19 therapeutics; however, effective treatments remain unsatisfactory. This unmet clinical need is robustly associated with the complexity of pathophysiological mechanisms described for COVID-19. Several key lung pathophysiological mechanisms promoted by SARS-CoV-2 have driven the response in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic subjects. There is sufficient evidence that glucose metabolism pathways in the lung are closely tied to bacterial proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and pro-thrombotic responses, which lead to severe clinical outcomes. It is also likely that SARS-CoV-2 proliferation is affected by glucose metabolism of type I and type II cells. This review summarizes the current understanding of pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung of diabetic patients and highlights the changes in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions.

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Physical training decreases plasma thrombomodulin in Type I and Type II diabetic patients

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s001250051677 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 693-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Rigla ◽

J. Fontcuberta ◽

J. Mateo ◽

A. Caix�s ◽

J. M. Pou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Training ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii

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A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS

10.36106/ijar/5602609 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-80

Author(s):

Barnali Bhattacharyya Thakur ◽

Keshab Bora ◽

Sherin Gogoi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with signicant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus causing blindness. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin involved in maintenance of mineral homeostasis and bone remodelling. Vitamin D deciency is highly prevalent in type I and type II Diabetes. 38 diabetic without ocular disease a METHOD: nd 30 diabetic with retinopathy were taken as cases and 38 age sex matched healthy persons were taken as controls. Serum Vit D and glucose were estimated and retinopathy was diagnosed by fundus examination. The results were statistically analysed. Statistica RESULTS: l analysis of the results shows a negative correlation between FBS and HbA1C with Vitamin D level in diabetic retinopathy patients. Patients CONCLUSION: with Diabetic retinopathy has lower serum Vitamin D level than diabetic patients without retinopathy.

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