Prevalence of amplification of the oncogenes c-myc, HER2/neu, and int-2 in one thousand human breast tumours: Correlation with steroid receptors

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Els M.J.J. Berns ◽  
Jan G.M. Klijn ◽  
Iris L. van Staveren ◽  
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...  
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Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1589-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
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Philippe Provost ◽  
Valérie Sallé ◽  
Monique Lanson ◽  
François Thomas

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
R. F. M. Oude Elferink ◽  
H. M. J. Goldschmidt ◽  
H. J. Majoor ◽  
J. F. Leijten

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
DAKSHA P. TRIVEDI ◽  
HAROLD BAUM ◽  
MICHAEL BAUM

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James McConnell ◽  
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Egor Zindy ◽  
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Cancer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
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John S. Silva ◽  
Gregory S. Georgiade ◽  
William G. Dilley ◽  
Kenneth S. McCarty ◽  
Samuel A. Wells ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
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Deepika Neelakantan ◽  
Hengbo Zhou ◽  
Michael U. J. Oliphant ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
Lukas M. Simon ◽  
...  

Abstract Recent fate-mapping studies concluded that EMT is not required for metastasis of carcinomas. Here we challenge this conclusion by showing that these studies failed to account for possible crosstalk between EMT and non-EMT cells that promotes dissemination of non-EMT cells. In breast cancer models, EMT cells induce increased metastasis of weakly metastatic, non-EMT tumour cells in a paracrine manner, in part by non-cell autonomous activation of the GLI transcription factor. Treatment with GANT61, a GLI1/2 inhibitor, but not with IPI 926, a Smoothened inhibitor, blocks this effect and inhibits growth in PDX models. In human breast tumours, the EMT-transcription factors strongly correlate with activated Hedgehog/GLI signalling but not with the Hh ligands. Our findings indicate that EMT contributes to metastasis via non-cell autonomous effects that activate the Hh pathway. Although all Hh inhibitors may act against tumours with canonical Hh/GLI signalling, only GLI inhibitors would act against non-canonical EMT-induced GLI activation.


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