An onset of nucleate boiling criterion for horizontal flow boiling

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Zürcher ◽  
John R. Thome ◽  
Daniel Favrat
1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Koizumi ◽  
Hiroyasu Ohtake ◽  
Manabu Mochizuki

Abstract The effect of solid particle introduction on subcooled-forced flow boiling heat transfer and a critical heat flux was examined experimentally. In the experiment, glass beads of 0.6 mm diameter were mixed in subcooled water. Experiments were conducted in a range of the subcooling of 40 K, a velocity of 0.17–6.7 m/s, a volumetric particle ratio of 0–17%. When particles were introduced, the growth of a superheated liquid layer near a heat trasnsfer surface seemed to be suppressed and the onset of nucleate boiling was delayed. The particles promoted the condensation of bubbles on the heat transfer surface, which shifted the initiation of a net vapor generation to a high heat flux region. Boiling heat trasnfer was augmented by the particle introduction. The suppression of the growth of the superheated liquid layer and the promotion of bubble condensation and dissipation by the particles seemed to contribute that heat transfer augmentation. The wall superheat at the critical heat flux was elevated by the particle introduction and the critical heat flux itself was also enhanced. However, the degree of the critical heat flux improvement was not drastic.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hwan Lim ◽  
Minkyu Park

Abstract The onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) is the point at which the heat transfer mechanism in fluids changes and is one of the thermo-hydraulic factors that must be considered when establishing a cooling system operation strategy. Because the high heat flux of several MW/m2, which is loaded within a tokamak, is applied under a one-side heating condition, it is necessary to determine a correlative relation that can predict ONB under special heating conditions. In this study, the ONB of a one-side-heated screw tube was experimentally analyzed via a subcooled flow boiling experiment. The helical nut structure of the screw tube flow path wall allows for improved heat transfer performance relative to smooth tubes, providing a screw tube with a 53.98% higher ONB than a smooth tube. The effects of the system parameters on the ONB heat flux were analyzed based on the changes in the heat transfer mechanism, with the results indicating that the flow rate and degree of subcooling are proportional to the ONB heat flux because increasing these factors improves the forced convection heat transfer and increases the condensation rate, respectively. However, it was observed that the liquid surface tension and latent heat decrease as the pressure increases, leading to a decrease in the ONB heat flux. An evaluation of the predictive performance of existing ONB correlations revealed that most have high error rates because they were developed based on ONB experiments on micro-channels or smooth tubes and not under one-side high heat load conditions. To address this, we used dimensional analysis based on Python code to develop new ONB correlations that reflect the influence of system parameters.


Author(s):  
Kan Zhou ◽  
Junye Li ◽  
Zhao-zan Feng ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
...  

For improving the functionality and signal speed of electronic devices, electronic components have been miniaturized and an increasing number of elements have been packaged in the device. As a result there has been a steady rise in the amount of heat necessitated to be dissipated from the electronic device. Recently microchannel heat sinks have been emerged as a kind of high performance cooling scheme to meet the heat dissipation requirement of electronics packaging, In the present study an experimental study of subcooled flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating rectangular microchannel with gap depth of 0.52 mm and width of 5 mm was conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. In the experimental operations, the mass flux was varied from 200 to 400 kg/m2s and imposed heat flux from 3 to 20 W/cm2 while the fluid inlet temperature was regulated constantly at 90 °C. The boiling curves, flow pattern and onset of nucleate boiling of subcooled flow boiling were investigated through instrumental measurements and a high speed camera. It was found that the slope of the boiling curves increased sharply once the superheat needed to initiate the onset of nucleate boiling was attained, and the slope was greater for lower mass fluxes, with lower superheat required for boiling incipience. As for the visualization images, for relatively lower mass fluxes the bubbles generated were larger and not easy to depart from the vertical upward placed narrow microchannel wall, giving elongated bubbly flow and reverse backflow. The thin film evaporation mechanism dominated the entire test section due to the elongated bubbles and transient local dryout as well as rewetting occurred. Meanwhile the initiative superheat and heat flux of onset of nucleate boiling were compared with existing correlations in the literature with good agreement.


1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Najibi ◽  
H. Mu¨ller-Steinhagen ◽  
M. Jamialahmadi

Scale deposition on the heat transfer surfaces from water containing dissolved salts considerably reduces fuel economy and performance of the heat transfer equipment. In general, this problem is more serious during nucleate boiling due to the mechanisms of bubble formation and detachment. In this study, a large number of experiments were performed to determine the effect of fluid velocity, initial surface temperature, and bulk concentration on the rate of calcium carbonate deposition on heat transfer surfaces during subcooled flow boiling. A physically sound prediction model for the deposition process under these operating conditions has been developed which predicts the experimental data with good accuracy. Two previously published models are also discussed and used to predict the experimental data.


Author(s):  
Mengnan Li ◽  
Igor A. Bolotnov

Interface tracking simulation (ITS) is one of the promising approaches to describe heat transfer of boiling phenomena and their underlying mechanisms. Better understanding and modeling of this process will benefit various engineering systems. In modern nuclear reactors, study on nucleate boiling phenomena is very important for the prediction of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) phenomena. The presented research will implement and verify the capability of evaporation process modeling by the massively parallel research code, PHASTA. The comparison of the numerical results and the analytical results demonstrates that the overall behavior of the simulation compares well with the analytical solution. A second simulation of the single bubble growth with non-uniform temperature distribution demonstrates both condensation and evaporation modeling. In the third simulation flow boiling capabilities were preliminary tested with laminar flow demonstration case. These results will be applied to a larger scale, multi-bubble simulations and help modeling of nucleate boiling phenomena.


Author(s):  
Hailei Wang ◽  
Richard Peterson

Flow boiling and heat transfer enhancement in four parallel microchannels using a dielectric working fluid, HFE 7000, was investigated. Each channel was 1000 μm wide and 510 μm high. A unique channel surface enhancement technique via diffusion bonding a layer of conductive fine wire mesh onto the heating wall was developed. According to the obtained flow boiling curves for both the bare and mesh channels, the amount of wall superheat was significantly reduced for the mesh channel at all stream-wise locations. This indicated that the nucleate boiling in the mesh channel was enhanced due to the increase of nucleation sites the mesh introduced. Both the nucleate boiling dominated and convective evaporation dominated regimes were identified. In addition, the overall trend for the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient, with respect to vapor quality, was increasing until the vapor quality reached approximately 0.4. The critical heat flux (CHF) for the mesh channel was also significantly higher than that of the bare channel in the low vapor quality region. Due to the fact of how the mesh was incorporated into the channels, no pressure drop penalty was identified for the mesh channels. Potential applications for this kind of mesh channel include high heat-flux electronic cooling systems and various energy conversion systems.


Author(s):  
Yuhao Lin ◽  
Junye Li ◽  
Kan Zhou ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Kuang Sheng ◽  
...  

Abstract The micro structured surfaces have significant impact on the flow patterns and heat transfer mechanisms during the flow boiling process. The hydrophobic surface promotes bubble nucleation while the hydrophilic surface supplies liquid to a heating surface, thus there is a trade-off between a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic surface. To examine the effect of heterogeneous wetting surface on flow boiling process, an experimental investigation of flow boiling in a rectangular vertical narrow microchannel with the heterogeneous wetting surface was conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. The heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the microchannel was studied and the flow pattern was photographed with a high-speed camera. The onset of flow boiling and heat transfer coefficient were discussed with the variation of heatfluxes and mass fluxes, the trends of which were analyzed along with the flow patterns. During the boiling process, the dominated heat transfer mechanism was nucleate boiling, with numerous nucleate sites between the hydrophilic/hydrophobic stripes and on the hydrophobic ones. In the meantime, after the merged bubbles were constrained by the channel walls, it would be difficult for them to expand towards upstream since they were restricted by the contact line between hydrophilic/hydrophobic stripes, thereby reduce the flow instability and achieve remarkable heat transfer performance.


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