Chapter 20A Forensic genetics: From classical serological genetic markers to DNA polymorphisms analyzed by microarray technology

2000 ◽  
pp. 695-706
Author(s):  
Angel Carracedo ◽  
Paula Sänchez-Diz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Microarray Technology

Mapping the Genome of a Model Protochordate. I. A Low Resolution Genetic Map Encompassing the Fusion/Histocompatibility (Fu/HC) Locus of Botryllus schlosseri

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-287
Author(s):  
Anthony W De Tomaso ◽  
Yasunori Saito ◽  
Katharine J Ishizuka ◽  
Karla J Palmeri ◽  
Irving L Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Bulk Segregant Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Botryllus Schlosseri ◽  
Genomic Approach

Abstract The colonial protochordate, Botryllus schlosseri, undergoes a genetically defined, natural transplantation reaction when the edges of two growing colonies interact. Peripheral blood vessels of each colony touch and will either fuse together to form a common vasculature between the colonies, or reject each other in an active blood-based inflammatory process in which the interacting vessels are cut off and the two colonies no longer interact. Previous studies have demonstrated that allorecognition in Botryllus is principally controlled by a single Mendelian locus named the fusion/histocompatibility (Fu/HC) locus, with multiple codominantly expressed alleles. However, identification and cloning of this locus has been difficult. We are taking a genomic approach in isolating this locus by creating a detailed genetic linkage map of the 725 Mbp Botryllus genome using DNA polymorphisms (primarily identified as AFLPs) as molecular genetic markers. DNA polymorphisms are identified in inbred laboratory strains of Fu/HC defined Botryllus, and their segregation and linkage is analyzed in a series of defined crosses. Using bulk segregant analysis, we have focused our mapping efforts on the Fu/HC region of the genome, and have generated an initial map which delineates the Fu/HC locus to a 5.5 cM region.

scholarly journals Forensic Genetics and Genotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Katarina Vitoševic ◽  
Danijela Todorovic ◽  
Zivana Slovic ◽  
Radica Zivkovic-Zaric ◽  
Milos Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Short Tandem Repeats ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Short Tandem

Abstract Forensic genetics represents a combination of molecular and population genetics. Personal identification and kinship analysis (e.g. paternity testing) are the two main subjects of forensic DNA analysis. Biological specimens from which DNA is isolated are blood, semen, saliva, tissues, bones, teeth, hairs. Genotyping has become a basis in the characterization of forensic biological evidence. It is performed using a variety of genetic markers, which are divided into two large groups: bi-allelic (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and multi-allelic polymorphisms (variable number of tandem repeats, VNTR and short tandem repeats, STR). This review describes the purpose of genetic markers in forensic investigation and their limitations. The STR loci are currently the most informative genetic markers for identity testing, but in cases without a suspect SNP can predict offender’s ancestry and phenotype traits such as skin, eyes and hair color. Nowadays, many countries worldwide have established forensic DNA databases based on autosomal short tandem repeats and other markers. In order for DNA profile database to be useful at a national or international level, it is essential to standardize genetic markers used in laboratories.

Overview of Forensic DNA Profiling and Database

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sabreen Sabreen Aboujildah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Forensic Genetic

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling, has had a tremendous impact on forensic genetics. Before DNA profiling, all forensic genetic casework (e.g., Paternity testing, criminal casework, individual identification) was performed using classical serological genetic markers. Blood groups, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and polymorphic protein and enzymes were used for solving forensic genetic casework using immunological and electrophoretic methodologies. These genetic markers were nevertheless limited when it was necessary to analyze minimal or degraded material, which is commonly involved in forensic cases. An STR is a region of human DNA containing an array of tandem repeats. Arrays range from only a 10 to about a hundred repeated units. This essay confers the basic concepts of operating of DNA in the criminal investigation. This review primarily summarizes the major tandem repeat markers used in forensic DNA profiling, that assist criminal’s conviction, exonerate the inferring individuals, and recognize victims of violence, catastrophes, and armed conflict.

scholarly journals DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 6531-6535 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.K. Williams ◽  
Anne R. Kubelik ◽  
Kenneth J. Livak ◽  
J.Antoni Rafalski ◽  
Scott V. Tingey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

scholarly journals Review of the Forensic Applicability of Biostatistical Methods for Inferring Ancestry from Autosomal Genetic Markers

Genes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Torben Tvedebrink
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Population Admixture ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Ancestry Inference ◽  
Forensic Genetic

The inference of ancestry has become a part of the services many forensic genetic laboratories provide. Interest in ancestry may be to provide investigative leads or identify the region of origin in cases of unidentified missing persons. There exist many biostatistical methods developed for the study of population structure in the area of population genetics. However, the challenges and questions are slightly different in the context of forensic genetics, where the origin of a specific sample is of interest compared to the understanding of population histories and genealogies. In this paper, the methodologies for modelling population admixture and inferring ancestral populations are reviewed with a focus on their strengths and weaknesses in relation to ancestry inference in the forensic context.

scholarly journals Linkage disequilibrium connects genetic records of relatives typed with disjoint genomic marker sets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehee Kim ◽  
Michael D. Edge ◽  
Bridget F. B. Algee-Hewitt ◽  
Jun Z. Li ◽  
Noah A. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Marker ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Sib Pairs

AbstractIn familial searching in forensic genetics, a query DNA profile is tested against a database to determine whether it represents a relative of a database entrant. We examine the potential for using linkage disequilibrium to identify pairs of profiles as belonging to relatives when the query and database rely on nonoverlapping genetic markers. Considering data on individuals genotyped with both microsatellites used in forensic applications and genome-wide SNPs, we find that ~30-32% of parent–offspring pairs and ~35-36% of sib pairs can be identified from the SNPs of one member of the pair and the microsatellites of the other. The method suggests the possibility of performing familial searches of microsatellite databases using query SNP profiles, or vice versa. It also reveals that privacy concerns arising from computations across multiple databases that share no genetic markers in common entail risks not only for database entrants, but for their close relatives as well.

Custom microarray for glycobiologists: considerations for glycosyltransferase gene expression profiling

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Comelli ◽  
Margarida Amado ◽  
Steven R. Head ◽  
James C. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Affymetrix Genechip ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Gene Arrays ◽  
Glycosyltransferase Gene

The development of microarray technology offers the unprecedented possibility of studying the expression of thousands of genes in one experiment. Its exploitation in the glycobiology field will eventually allow the parallel investigation of the expression of many glycosyltransferases, which will ultimately lead to an understanding of the regulation of glycoconjugate synthesis. While numerous gene arrays are available on the market, e.g. the Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays, glycosyltransferases are not adequately represented, which makes comprehensive surveys of their gene expression difficult. This chapter describes the main issues related to the establishment of a custom glycogenes array.

530: Termining Risk for Prostate Cancer at Prostate Biopsy using Genetic Markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Robert K. Nam ◽  
William Zhang ◽  
John Trachtenberg ◽  
Michael A.S. Jewett ◽  
Steven Narod
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Prostate Biopsy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document