Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children aged <5 years. Methods We aimed to identify the global inpatient and outpatient cost of management of RSV-ALRI in young children to assist health policy makers in making decisions related to resource allocation for interventions to reduce severe morbidity and mortality from RSV in this age group. We searched 3 electronic databases including Global Health, Medline, and EMBASE for studies reporting cost data on RSV management in children under 60 months from 2000 to 2017. Unpublished data on the management cost of RSV episodes were collected through collaboration with an international working group (RSV GEN) and claim databases. Results We identified 41 studies reporting data from year 1987 to 2017, mainly from Europe, North America, and Australia, covering the management of a total of 365 828 RSV disease episodes. The average cost per episode was €3452 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3265–3639) and €299 (95% CI, 295–303) for inpatient and outpatient management without follow-up, and it increased to €8591(95% CI, 8489–8692) and €2191 (95% CI, 2190–2192), respectively, with follow-up to 2 years after the initial event. Conclusions Known risk factors (early and late preterm birth, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, intensive care unit admission, and ventilator use) were associated with €4160 (95% CI, 3237–5082) increased cost of hospitalization. The global cost of inpatient and outpatient RSV ALRI management in young children in 2017 was estimated to be approximately €4.82 billion (95% CI, 3.47–7.93), 65% of these in developing countries and 55% of global costs accounted for by hospitalization. We have demonstrated that RSV imposed a substantial economic burden on health systems, governments, and the society.

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Incidence and Risk of Infection Associated With Fingolimod in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 8,448 Patients From 12 Randomized Controlled Trials

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.611711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhao Zhao ◽

Chun-Lai Ma ◽

Zhi-Chun Gu ◽

Yue Dong ◽

Yang Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background and Aims: There is a controversy regarding whether fingolimod is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the risk of infection in these patients.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to April 8, 2020, to identify RCTs that reported the occurrence of infection in patients with MS treated with fingolimod. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.Results: Twelve RCTs including 8,448 patients were eligible. Compared with the control (placebo and other active treatments), fingolimod significantly increased the risk of infection (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.27; I2, 81%), regardless of whether the infection was a general infection (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.25; I2, 78%), or a serious infection (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.10; I2, 0%). Analyses of subgroups found that fingolimod significantly increased the risk of lower respiratory infection (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.19–1.85; I2, 0%) and herpes virus infection (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.78; I2, 9%). There appears to be no dose-dependent increase in the risk of infection associated with fingolimod (0.5 mg: RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07–1.25; I2, 91%; 1.25 mg: RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97–1.28; I2, 81%; Pinteraction = 0.66).Conclusions: Compared with a placebo and other active treatments, fingolimod was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of infection, especially lower respiratory infection and herpes virus infection. The risk of infection associated with fingolimod might not be dose related.

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Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.06.00124605 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 712

Author(s):

R. J. Halbert ◽

J. L. Natoli ◽

A. Gano ◽

E. Badamgarav ◽

A. S. Buist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Global Burden

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Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Canadian Medical Association Journal ◽

10.1503/cmaj.150835 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 188 (8) ◽

pp. 567-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Smith ◽

Colin C. MacDougall ◽

Jennie Johnstone ◽

Ray A. Copes ◽

Brian Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Care Workers ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

N95 Respirators

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Genome Sequences of Three Novel Isolates of Human Parainfluenza Virus 2 Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00784-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (33) ◽

Author(s):

J. L. Kennedy ◽

J. C. Kincaid ◽

K. C. Schwalm ◽

A. N. Stoner ◽

T. J. Abramo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Parainfluenza Virus ◽

Accession Number ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Viral Nucleic Acid ◽

Target Capture ◽

Human Parainfluenza Virus ◽

Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT Using target capture of viral nucleic acid and next-generation sequencing, we generated the genome sequences of three novel human parainfluenza virus 2 isolates. Isolates ACRI_0185 (GenBank accession number MF077311), ACRI_0230 (MF077312), and ACRI_0248 (MF077313) were collected in October 2016, February 2017, and March 2017, respectively, from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection in Arkansas.

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