Procedural Models to Upgrade BITs

Author(s):  
Jie (Jeanne) Huang
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
pp. 200018
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Willis ◽  
Prashant Ganesh ◽  
Kyle Volle ◽  
Jincheng Zhang ◽  
Kevin Brink

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liao ◽  
Jinhui Yu
Keyword(s):  

2009 ◽  
pp. 109-157
Author(s):  
Sergio Mauceri

- This article contains a reflection that intends to assert the heuristic fertility of integrating common procedural models with analysis of deviant cases. This analysis was originally proposed by Paul F. Lazarsfeld and promoted between the '40s and the '60s at Columbia School, without much impact on quantitative social research circles. Deviant cases are cases that do not display expected behaviour or attitudes. Instead of considering deviant cases irrelevant because they are residual, this procedural strategy accentuates their importance and promotes an in-depth study to maximize data quality and support interpretation processes of research results.


Author(s):  
Mehdi Bouslama ◽  
Leonardo Pisani ◽  
Diogo Haussen ◽  
Raul Nogueira

Introduction : Prognostication is an integral part of clinical decision‐making in stroke care. Machine learning (ML) methods have gained increasing popularity in the medical field due to their flexibility and high performance. Using a large comprehensive stroke center registry, we sought to apply various ML techniques for 90‐day stroke outcome predictions after thrombectomy. Methods : We used individual patient data from our prospectively collected thrombectomy database between 09/2010 and 03/2020. Patients with anterior circulation strokes (Internal Carotid Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery M1, M2, or M3 segments and Anterior Cerebral Artery) and complete records were included. Our primary outcome was 90‐day functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Pre‐ and post‐procedure models were developed. Four known ML algorithms (support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting, and artificial neural network) were implemented using a 70/30 training‐test data split and 10‐fold cross‐validation on the training data for model calibration. Discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) metric. Results : Among 1248 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke undergoing thrombectomy during the study period, 1020 had complete records and were included in the analysis. In the training data (n = 714), 49.3% of the patients achieved independence at 90‐days. Fifteen baseline clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging features were used to develop the pre‐procedural models, with four additional parameters included in the post‐procedure models. For the preprocedural models, the highest AUC was 0.797 (95%CI [0.75‐ 0.85]) for the gradient boosting model. Similarly, the same ML technique performed best on post‐procedural data and had an improved discriminative performance compared to the pre‐procedure model with an AUC of 0.82 (95%CI [0.77‐ 0.87]). Conclusions : Our pre‐and post‐procedural models reliably estimated outcomes in stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy. They represent a step forward in creating simple and efficient prognostication tools to aid treatment decision‐making. A web‐based platform and related mobile app are underway.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Crombez ◽  
Pieterjan Vangerven

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunziata Comoretto

La riflessione etico-clinica sviluppatasi a partire dagli ultimi decenni dello scorso secolo si è sviluppata seguendo soprattutto approcci proceduralisti, trascurando altre impostazioni attente non solo alla “correttezza” dell’azione, ma anche alle disposizioni buone della persona che agisce, come l’etica delle virtù. L’articolo si propone di analizzare i presupposti che permettono di recuperare un’etica delle virtù – soprattutto della virtù della prudenza – nell’etica clinica contemporanea, a partire dalle ragioni che urgono tale recupero. Una prima ragione è di natura antropologica e riguarda la necessità di promuovere una visione unitaria della razionalità umana contro i suoi restringimenti in senso puramente strumentale. Una seconda ragione è di tipo culturale e riguarda la polarità irriducibile tra scientismo e scetticismo, che nell’esistenza concreta di molte persone si traduce di fatto in una crisi di senso e in un disorientamento pratico. Una terza ragione riguarda l’esigenza di umanizzazione della medicina che, investita dalla logica tecnicistica, reclama in maniera indifferibile la necessità di porre il concetto di “bene” al centro del proprio agire. In ultimo, il lavoro offre una rilettura della tradizione aristotelicotomista delle virtù nel contesto della medicina clinica, richiamando soprattutto i presupposti metafisici irrinunciabili per un’adeguata comprensione dell’agire umano, l’aspetto probabilmente più carente nella cultura e nell’etica contemporanee. ---------- Clinical-ethics developed in the last decades especially according to procedural models, neglecting other approaches attentive not only to the action, but to the good dispositions of the acting person, as it is virtue ethics. The article aims to analyze the conditions that allow to recover the virtue ethics – especially the virtue of prudence – by the contemporary clinical ethics, starting from the reasons that urge such recovery. The first is an anthropological reason and concerns the need to promote a unified vision of human rationality against its reductionism in purely instrumental vision. A second reason is cultural and concerns the irreducible polarity between scientism and skepticism, which in the concrete life of many people translates directly into a crisis of meaning and in a practical disorientation. A third reason is the need for humanization of medicine that, invested by technocratic logic, claims the need to put the concept of “good” at the center of their actions. Finally, the work follows the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of the virtues in the context of clinical medicine, especially recalling the metaphysical presuppositions essential for an adequate understanding of human action, probably the most lacking aspect in contemporary culture and ethics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fariba Dezhbankhan ◽  
Diana Lea Baranovich ◽  
Nabeel Abedalaziz ◽  
Soraya Dezhbankhan

Metacognition is one of the vital competencies to seize the opportunities and overcome the challenges of twenty-first century; however, there is no precise definition of metacognition and it is a fuzzy concept. While classic, descriptive and procedural models try to describe the nature and ingredients of metacognition, theoretical clarity in terms of better definition and representation of its components is needed. This study by adopting theoretical models of metacognition through the Plan-Do-Check-Act principles (as a management instrument) proposes a conceptual framework, “Metacognition Management System (MMS)” that consolidates components, functions, and processes of metacognition in a single window. Then, impacts of a multidimensional intervention designed based on the MMS concept (MMS Training Course) provided in 12 hours, on 31 students’ metacognitive competencies was investigated using quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design. The large effect size (Partial η2 = .939, 95% confidence interval) implied that MMS training course has a statistically significant impact on metacognitive competencies. This study has implications for further theoretical and experimental researches on the configuration and application of the MMS as well as designing multidimensional metacognitive intervention.


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