Introduction: An archaeological perspective on the Iberian peninsula between Rome and the Middle Ages

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Perspective ◽  
The Middle Ages

Espiritus de Invierno

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Yannick Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Wild Man ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Middle Ages

In many parts of Europe and especially in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, and the Basque Country), archaic and mysterious figures regularly haunt carnival rites since the Middle Ages (but referring, according to some specialists like A. Darpeix, member of the historical and archaeological society of Perigord, to a distant shamanic and Neolithic antiquity). They are masks adorned with skins of animals, vegetables, and straw, surrounded by bells and bones, often crowned with horns and pieces of wood. Thus arises the wild man within modern paganism to symbolize the rebirth of nature emerging from winter. The figures are essentially ambiguous, at the crossroads of nature and culture. The masks always speak of the mysteries of existence: in traditional societies, they were or still are the figures of ancestors and spirits of the dead, that of protective or evil spirits.

Segregation or Choice?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, moneylending was the occupation par excellence of the Jews in England, France, and Germany and one of the main professions of the Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and other locations in western Europe. Based on the historical information and the economic theory presented in earlier chapters, the chapter advances an alternative explanation that is consistent with the salient features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily entered and later specialized in moneylending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets—capital, networking, literacy and numeracy, and contract-enforcement institutions.

Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Steffen Dix
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Miguel De Unamuno ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.

Astrolabes for the King: The Astrolabe of Petrus Raimundi of Barcelona

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 421-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract The astrolabe of Petrus Raimundi, made in Barcelona in 1375, occupies a significant position in the set of medieval Spanish astrolabes with Latin inscriptions, as it is the only one signed and dated that has survived to the present day. A full description and study of the astrolabe is presented in the context of the support given to the manufacturing of scientific instruments by King Peter iv of Aragon. Although the astronomical and time reckoning features of the astrolabe are fully detailed, special attention is given to its artistic and decorative features. The relationships between Petrus Raimundi’s astrolabe and those manufactured in al-Andalus, the region under Islamic rule within the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages, are highlighted, as well as the links with astrolabe production in other European Christian kingdoms. The role played by astrolabes in medicine is considered and first steps are taken towards discovering the identity of Petrus Raimundi.

scholarly journals La lengua vasca en la Península entre Antigüedad y Edad Media. Observaciones a la "Communis opinio" / Basque language in the Iberian peninsula between Antiquity and Middle Ages. Some remarks on the "communis opinio"

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Matías Múgica
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

The author argues, developing an idea proposed by French phoneticist Henri Gavel in the fifties, that the examination of the clearly Latin ancient toponymy of Upper Navarre suggests that the linguistic stratification usually proposed for the Middle Navarre (Navarra Media), an area where Basque was intensely spoken throughout the Middle Ages, should be reviewed and that in that area the Latin can be chronologically prior to the Basque, which would satisfactorily explain some unresolved knots of the linguistic history of the Basque Country and its surroundings.

Looking South

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gerrard ◽  
José Avelino Gutiérrez-González
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
North West ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Scallop Shells ◽  
Wool Cloth ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter explores medieval contact and trade between Britain and the Iberian Peninsula. For the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in north-west Spain, archaeological evidence includes coins, burials, badges, scallop shells, and souvenirs of bone, ivory, and jet as well as artistic influences on heraldry and artistic representation. The important heavy goods being transported were wool, cloth, metals, and bulk foodstuffs for which there is an emerging archaeology of production in Spain and Portugal. There was also minor trade in leather and salt as well as in foodstuffs like honey and wine, figs, and candied fruit. Pottery and tile exports from Spain are today the most telling indication of commercial contact and personal exchange but English embroideries and alabaster devotional panels are among the items of exchange which travelled south and have survived. Overall, Anglo-Iberian contact in the Middle Ages has left an oddly skewed signature in the archaeological record.

Encounters within Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines the accounts of several Central European travelers who visited the Iberian Peninsula in the second half of the fifteenth century and pays particular attention to their comments on slaves and slavery. First was the Swabian Georg von Ehingen who sought adventure in latter-day crusades and fought with the Portuguese in Morocco. The Bohemian Leon von Rozmital visited Iberia in 1465–1467. Two of his companions left accounts, his secretary Shashek and the patrician Tetzel wrote accounts of the tour. Nicholas von Popplau made a short visit to Santiago de Compostela in 1484. The German Hieronymus Münzer (or Monetarius) made an extensive tour of Portugal and Spain in 1494–1495. The German knight Arnold Von Harff visited Iberia at the very end of the fifteenth century. Each account provides significant observations and detailed descriptions of the traffic and sale of slaves. Taken as a whole, they provide a window on the relations between Central Europe and the western Mediterranean at the end of the Middle Ages.

Predestination and Free Will in Mudejar Polemics: The Kitāb al-Mujādala maʿa-l-Yahūd wa-l-Naṣārā [The book called the disputation with the Jews and the Christians] and its Historical and Intellectual Background

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 561-580
Author(s):  
Mònica Colominas Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractPredestination and free will were two issues widely debated in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages, and were subject to different interpretations by Muslims, Christians and Jews. A case in point is the Kitāb al-Mujādala maʿa-l-Yahūd wa-l-Naṣārā [The book called the disputation with the Jews and the Christians], a Mudejar polemic of which the only known manuscript was copied in 808 H (= 1405 CE). I use the discussion of predestination and free will to illustrate the polemical use of these two concepts in this treatise. I also examine how the author addresses his discourse to a learned Mudejar audience by placing the acquisition of proper knowledge of philosophy at the center of the debate. This article uses examples from the Kitāb al-Mujādala to argue that the author’s worldview is not exceptional but seems to be connected with that of contemporary Christians and Jews. Moreover, it is indebted to the legacy of Almohad thought among Muslims living in the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals The Most Advanced Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Fortresses in the Last Period of Al-Andalus (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Century)

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis José García-Pulido ◽  
Sara Peñalver Martín
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Hydraulic Networks ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The Middle Ages

Due to the conflicts that existed among the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages, the territories of al-Andalus were protected with defensive architecture that played an influential role on the landscape. The development of these fortresses was necessarily linked to water, either because of the strategic control of a hydraulic resource or because of the need to provide to inaccessible places, as it is often the case of the emplacement of these constructions. The study of their implantation in the territory and the hydraulic elements that they preserve has revealed quite diverse systems of water supply. This paper presents the comprehensive overview that emerged after verifying that many of the existing cisterns, rather than being autonomous and isolated elements, as has often been considered, are strongly related to the organization and development of the fortresses, sometimes located at the end of complex and advanced hydraulic networks, closely linked to the topography of each place. This study is devoted to the water supply systems of some of the most significant fortresses in the last territories of al-Andalus, corresponding to the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1238–1492).

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